TABLE 2.

Hydrogel scaffold stiffness in hiPSC-CM cell cultures.

Hydrogels	Stiffness	Cells	2D/3D	References
Collagen	22 kPa, glass	hiPSC-CMs	2D	Huethorst et al. (2022)
PEG-DA, DEG-DA	not specified	hiPSC-CMs	2D patterns	Pioner et al. (2022)
PDMS	5–30 kPa	hiPSC-CMs	2D	(Guo et al., 2021)
PAAm-co-PAAc	0.56–112 kPa	hiPSC-CMs	2D	Kit-Anan et al. (2021)
dECM-rGO	10.3–18.0 kPa	hiPSC-CMs, human bone marrow-derived stromal cells	3D	Tsui et al. (2021)
Fibrin, Gelatin	0.6–9.2 kPa	hiPSC-CMs, human cardiac fibroblasts	2D and 3D	Mastikhina et al. (2020)
Polyacrylamide	4–101 kPa	hiPSC-CMs	2D patterns	Ribeiro et al. (2020)
Gelatin-Gellan gum	23–300 kPa	hiPSC-CMs, human lung fibroblasts	2D and 3D	Koivisto et al. (2019)
PEG-DA	100 kPa	hiPSC-CMs	2D patterns	Pioner et al. (2019)
Polyacrylamide	3.1–13.5 kPa	hiPSC-CMs, neonatal rat CMs	2D patterns	Wheelwright et al. (2018)
Polyacrylamide	4–16 kPa, glass	hiPSC-CMs	2D	Martewicz et al. (2017)
Gelatin	2–16 kPa	hiPSC-CMs	3D	Lee et al. (2017)
Matrigel	5.8 kPa	hiPSC-CMs, adult rabbit ventricular CMs	2D	Feaster et al. (2015)
Matrigel	6–35 kPa	hiPSC-CMs	2D patterns	Ribeiro et al. (2015)
Polyacrylamide	4.4–99.7 kPa	hiPSC-CMs, MEFs, neonatal rat CMs	2D	Hazeltine et al. (2012)

CM, Cardiomyocyte; hiPSC, human induced pluripotent stem cell.