TABLE 7.
Summary of hiPSC-CM models’ features, including electrophysiology, calcium dynamics, and biomechanics.
| Initial Public | hiPSC-specificity | Electrophysiology | Calcium dynamics | BM |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zhang et al. (2012a) | “hiPSC-like” model | based on (ten Tusscher et al., 2004) hV-CM model | based on (ten Tusscher et al., 2004) | no |
| + membrane clock | added If and INaL | no spontaneous SR Ca2+ release | ||
| - no calcium clock | ICaL, IKr, and IK1 conductances altered to obtain AP morphology typical for hiPSC-CMs | |||
| Lemoine et al. (2018) | “hiPSC-like” model | based on (Grandi et al., 2010) hV-CM model | unmodified from (Grandi et al., 2010) hV-CM model | no |
| - no membrane clock | added ICaT | no spontaneous SR Ca2+ release | ||
| - no calcium clock | ICaL, IKr, and IK1 conductances adjusted to match in vitro hiPSC-CM data | |||
| Prondzynski et al. (2019) | “hiPSC-like” model | same as (Lemoine et al., 2018) | same as (Lemoine et al., 2018) | yes |
| - no membrane clock | ||||
| - no calcium clock | ||||
| Paci et al. (2013) | hiPSC-CM model | based on (ten Tusscher et al., 2004) hV-CM model | modified from (ten Tusscher et al., 2004) to account for lack of t-tubuli | no |
| - unphysiological membrane clock, based on Na+ window current | added If | no spontaneous SR Ca2+ release | ||
| - no calcium clock | extensive reparameterization of Na+, Ca2+ and K+ currents based on in vitro hiPSC-CM data | |||
| Paci et al. (2018) | hiPSC-CM model | based on (Paci et al., 2013) hiPSC-CM model | reformulated SR Ca2+ release based on (Koivumäki et al., 2011) hA-CM model | no |
| - unphysiological membrane clock, based on Na+ window current | spontaneous SR Ca2+ release | |||
| + calcium clock | ||||
| Paci et al. (2020) | hiPSC-CM model | based on (Paci et al., 2013) hiPSC-CM model | based on (Paci et al., 2018) | no |
| + membrane clock | adopted INa and If from (Koivumäki et al., 2018) hiPSC-CM model | spontaneous SR Ca2+ release | ||
| + calcium clock | ||||
| Forouzandehmehr et al. (2021), 2022 | hiPSC-CM model | based on (Paci et al., 2020) | based on (Paci et al., 2020) | yes |
| + membrane clock | spontaneous SR Ca2+ release | |||
| + calcium clock | ||||
| Koivumäki et al. (2018) | hiPSC-CM model | based on (Paci et al., 2015) hiPSC-CM model | modified from (Korhonen et al., 2010) to account for the immature hiPSC-CM ultrastructure | no |
| + membrane clock | reparameterization of Na+ and Ca2+ currents based on in vitro hiPSC-CM data | spontaneous SR Ca2+ release | ||
| + calcium clock | ||||
| Kernik et al. (2019) | hiPSC-CM model | reformulated of Na+, Ca2+, and K+ currents based on in vitro hiPSC-CM data | full parameterization of based on in vitro hiPSC-CM data | no |
| + membrane clock | no spontaneous SR Ca2+ release | |||
| + calcium clock (partial) | ||||
| Jæger et al. (2020) | hiPSC-CM model | based on (Grandi et al., 2010) and (O’Hara et al., 2011) hV-CM models, and Paci et al. hiPSC-CM models | modified from (Grandi et al., 2010) | no |
| - no membrane clock | no spontaneous SR Ca2+ release | |||
| - no calcium clock |
BM, Biomechanics; If, pacemaking current; INa and INaL, fast and late Na+ current; ICaL and ICaT, L-type and T-type Ca2+ current; IKr, delayed rectifier K+ current; IK1, inward rectifier K+ current; hV-CM, human ventricular cardiomyocyte; hA-CM, human atrial cardiomyocyte.