Table 2.

RQ1: Multilevel Regression Predicting Daily Pain Intensity including Catastrophizing.

Final estimation of fixed effects (with robust standard errors)
Fixed Effect	Estimate	SE	T-ratio	d.f.	p-value1
For Intercept, π0i
β00 Intercept	3.4157	0.3220	10.607	74	.000
β01 Nearby Nature	−0.0159	0.0080	−1.984	74	.051
β02 Resilience	−0.5078	0.5425	−0.936	74	.353
β03 Neuroticism	−0.0437	0.4061	−0.108	74	.915
β04 Gender	0.0458	0.6348	0.072	74	.943
β05 Age	−0.0129	0.0241	−0.535	74	.594
β06 Income	−0.1668	0.1191	−1.401	74	.166
For Catastrophizing, π1
β10 Intercept	0.2690	0.0331	8.1250	74	<.001
β11 Nearby Nature	−0.0056	0.0010	−5.360	74	<.001
β12 Resilience	0.0564	0.0512	1.103	74	.274
β13 Neuroticism	−0.0121	0.0419	−0.290	74	.773
β14 Gender	−0.0838	0.0531	−1.577	74	.119
β15 Age	0.0039	0.0022	1.798	74	.076
β16 Income	0.0275	0.0116	2.381	74	.020
For Time in Nature, π2
β20 Intercept	−0.0484	0.0253	−1.915	74	.059
β21 Nearby Nature	−0.0011	0.0007	−1.607	74	.112
β22 Resilience	−0.0288	0.0310	−0.929	74	.356
β23 Neuroticism	0.0894	0.0283	3.161	74	.003
β24 Gender	−0.0067	0.0335	−0.200	74	.843
β25 Age	−0.0026	0.0020	−1.293	74	.200
β26 Income	0.0157	0.0098	1.607	74	.112
Final estimation of variance components
Random Effect	SD	Variance component	d.f.	Chi-square	p-value
Intercept r0	1.6330	2.6668	73	319.2644	<.001
Catastrophizing slope r1	0.1233	0.0152	73	140.5581	<.001
Time in nature slope r2	0.0853	0.0073	73	104.8853	.009
Level-1 e	1.4686	2.1567

¹Bolded p-values indicate significance at the.05 alpha level