| [6] |
Design and modeling of a hybrid system (PV/grid) that powers an electrolyzer that generates clean hydrogen and powered a DC load. |
MATLAB/ power management control |
Development of the maximization of the PV modules’ power, securing the regular supply of the load, and optimizing the creation of hydrogen. |
| [14] |
Development of a model of an effective hybrid system made up of PV, WT, and FC components for the Adrar site. |
FORTRAN language |
According to this study, the PV/Wind/FC system is the best choice for the Adrar site. |
| [9] |
Designed and controlled techniques of a PV/FC microgrid hybrid system to handle the electrical demands of 150 homes in Sharjah. |
Power management system (PMS) |
The findings demonstrate that the PV/FC/Electrolyzer/Inverter system is capable of supplying the daily electrical needs of the 150 homes in the residential community that was chosen. |
| [11] |
Determining the best configuration for an off-grid application involving a WT, a PEMFC, an AEL, a battery, and a supercapacitor banking. |
Non-dominated Sorting Genetic II (NSGA-II) algorithm |
In regions with significant wind potential, the suggested structure would be economical. However, the incorporation of a renewable source like PV should be looked into in places with poor wind potential. |
| [5] |
Investigating a general approach to deciding the capacity configuration and power reallocation for a grid-connected PV system integrated hydrogen generation system. |
Monitoring inverter output and experimental data. |
The grid connection configuration and hydrogen production status affect the best reallocation of PV-hydrogen power; and a large-scale PV system integrated with a hydrogen system can improve power utilization, economic benefits, and emissions |
| [8] |
Controlling microgrid that includes WT/FC units that supply both dynamic and static loads. |
Control algorithm using the Mine Blast Algorithm (MBA) and MATLAB |
As a result, when the wind speed is low, the FC feeds the loads like a slave. |
| [12] |
Modeled, and experimentally validated the electrical dynamics of the PV/Battery/FC/Electrolyzer. |
Power management algorithm and experimental study. |
The experimental findings demonstrate that the control approach employed successfully controls the electrolyzer and FC working patterns while saving the battery bank against excessive use. |
| [4] |
Analyzed AEL and PEMEL dynamic behavior for on-grid PV and WT input data sets from the region of northwest Germany. |
key performance indicators (KPI) like costs and efficiencies. |
From an economic standpoint, AEL technology is preferred for electrolyzer functioning with a direct renewable electricity source. |
| [15] |
Compared the simulation of a PEMEL powered by a horizontal WT and the experimental data of it. |
MATLAB/ experimental set-up. |
The results from the simulation low higher than the experimental setup. |
| [16] |
Analyzed the performance of a hybrid system that includes WT/PV/Battery/PEMEL. |
MATLAB software. |
The energy efficiency of the PEMEL at 35–75°C was found to be 64–70%. |
| [3] |
Analyzing the integration of a hydrogen generator with a WT system including sufficient power characteristics |
Laboratory examination. |
The hydrogen generator-rated power is equal to the WT-rated power, and it is dependent on the wind speed and the amount of power from the WT which is available. |
| [17] |
Comparing the outcomes between a PV-powered PEMEL simulation and its experiment. |
MATLAB program and experimental test. |
The maximum power of the PV panel is influenced by the weather. The hydrogen production rate from the simulation is higher than the results from the experiments test. |
| [2] |
Development of the sizing of an on-grid HRES that contains PV, electrolyzer, FC, and ST for a university building in the south of Algeria. |
PSO method/ Homer program |
The ideal PV system for the chosen structure is the grid. The grid-connected PV-H2 is the optimum option for the building and transportation sector. |
| Proposed |
Design and analysis of PV and WT systems to produce hydrogen using a PEMEL and MPPT controller. |
MATLAB |
The Power of WT to feed PEMEL is to be approximately two times PEMEL capacity. In addition, the PV system is designed to be equal to PEMEL capacity. |
