TABLE 2.
Pairwise group differences in volume.
| Young vs. Middle-age | Middle-age vs. Old | |||
| t | p BH | t | p BH | |
| A priori regions | ||||
| Hippocampal formation | 0.428 | 0.744 | −0.810 | 0.550 |
| Anterior cingulate area | −4.898 | 0.001 | −0.181 | 0.872 |
| Orbital area | −2.060 | 0.111 | −2.859 | 0.038 |
| Brain-wide regions | ||||
| Brainstem | – | – | – | – |
| Hypothalamus | 5.425 | 0.001 | −1.374 | 0.301 |
| Medulla | 5.581 | 0.001 | 2.197 | 0.092 |
| Midbrain | 4.413 | 0.003 | 1.419 | 0.287 |
| Pons | 6.837 | 0.000 | 1.923 | 0.132 |
| Thalamus | 1.975 | 0.126 | 0.268 | 0.831 |
| Cerebellum | – | – | – | – |
| Cerebellar cortex | −0.410 | 0.004 | −0.996 | 0.475 |
| Cerebellar nuclei | 5.802 | 0.001 | 0.852 | 0.531 |
| Cerebral cortex | – | – | – | – |
| Cortical sub-plate | 0.347 | 0.795 | −0.272 | 0.831 |
| Hippocampal formation | 0.428 | 0.744 | −0.810 | 0.550 |
| Olfactory areas | −0.658 | 0.640 | −0.509 | 0.710 |
| Cerebral isocortex | – | – | – | – |
| Agranular insular area | −2.365 | 0.067 | −0.857 | 0.531 |
| Anterior cingulate area | −4.898 | 0.001 | −0.181 | 0.872 |
| Auditory areas | −4.243 | 0.004 | −2.725 | 0.044 |
| Ectorhinal area | −1.901 | 0.132 | −3.199 | 0.022 |
| Frontal pole | −2.160 | 0.094 | 1.586 | 0.229 |
| Infralimbic area | −0.048 | 0.962 | −1.180 | 0.380 |
| Orbital area | −2.060 | 0.111 | −2.859 | 0.038 |
| Perirhinal area | −2.377 | 0.067 | −1.277 | 0.343 |
| Posterior parietal association areas | −0.478 | 0.717 | −0.504 | 0.710 |
| Prelimbic area | −3.021 | 0.028 | 1.000 | 0.475 |
| Retrosplenial area | −2.565 | 0.051 | −0.522 | 0.710 |
| Somatomotor areas | −3.711 | 0.009 | 0.962 | 0.487 |
| Somatosensory areas | −4.827 | 0.001 | −0.681 | 0.634 |
| Temporal association areas | −2.799 | 0.039 | −2.674 | 0.047 |
| Visual areas | −2.711 | 0.044 | −0.575 | 0.692 |
| Cerebral nuclei | – | – | – | – |
| Pallidum | 5.104 | 0.001 | 1.253 | 0.348 |
| Striatum | −2.384 | 0.067 | −0.190 | 0.872 |
| White matter tracts | – | – | – | – |
| Cerebellum related fiber tracts | 2.537 | 0.052 | 1.917 | 0.132 |
| Cranial nerves | 5.851 | 0.001 | 1.570 | 0.231 |
| Extrapyramidal fiber system | 3.408 | 0.016 | 0.888 | 0.528 |
| Lateral forebrain bundle system | 3.275 | 0.020 | 3.075 | 0.027 |
| Medial forebrain bundle system | 3.177 | 0.022 | 2.611 | 0.050 |
Group differences in regional volume, residualized for total brain volume. A negative t score indicates a period-specific decrease in volume, and a positive t score indicates a period-specific increase in volume. BH, Bonferroni-Holm. Bold values indicate that these values were statistically significant.