Table 3.
Obesity and carbohydrate intake-related follow-up characteristics of the participants in the Health 2000 Survey, the HBCS, and the DILGOM Study.
| Health 2000 | HBCS | DILGOM | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) or % | Mean (SD) or % | Mean (SD) or % | |
| From baseline | |||
| Follow-up time, years | 11.0 | 10.3 | 7.2 |
| Change in weight | |||
| Cohort size for weight, na | 3993 | 1065 | 3269 |
| Weight change, kg | 1.8 (7.3) | −1.4 (5.7) | 1.0 (5.8) |
| Participants who gained weight, % | 60 | 40 | 58 |
| Participants who gained weight at least 5%, % | 34 | 14 | 27 |
| Weight gain in participants who gained weight at least 5%, kg | 9.1 (5.6) | 7.4 (3.5) | 7.6 (4.2) |
| Change in carbohydrate intake | |||
| Cohort size for carbohydrate intakea, n | 3162 | 1052 | 2913 |
| Change in carbohydrate intake, g/d | −5.8 (89.3) | −21.7 (93.7) | −55.7 (98.8) |
| Participants who decreased intakeb, % | 42 | 48 | 65 |
| Change in participants who decreased intake, g/d | −82 (54) | −91 (66) | −106 (73) |
| Participants with ≤10% change in intake, % | 24 | 23 | 19 |
| Change in participants with ≤10% change in intake, g/d | −1 (15) | −2 (14) | −4 (15) |
| Participants who increased intakec, % | 35 | 29 | 16 |
| Change in participants who increased intake, g/d | 84 (66) | 80 (65) | 86 (72) |
aExclusion criteria: Inadequately completed or missing FFQ at baseline, missing information on body weight or BMI at baseline or follow-up, age >70 years at baseline, BMI < 18.5 kg/m2 at baseline or follow-up, pregnancy at baseline or follow-up.
bCarbohydrate intake decreased >10%.
cCarbohydrate intake increased >10%.