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. 2023 Jul 20;14:4388. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-40110-6

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — a Bode plots of Zn(pyrazol-NDI) thin-film at different applied potentials (the impedance data point at the frequency of 0.1 Hz was magnified for each measurements to highlight the effect of redox state); before each measurement, a stabilization time of 120 s was applied at respective potentials to achieve steady redox states. b Evolution of the steady-state thin-film conductivity as a function of applied electrochemical potential, which determines the mole fraction of electron reduction, x-Zn(pyrazol-NDI), 0.0 ≤ x ≤ 2.0, raw data is available in the source data file. Gaussian fit was performed for NDI/NDI^•− based (red line) and NDI^•−/NDI²⁻ (blue line) bell-shaped redox conductivity. c Steady-state conductivity of 0.0-Zn(pyrazol-NDI) (black sphere) and 0.5-Zn(pyrazol-NDI) (red sphere) thin-films as the function of temperature, activation energy is derived based on the Arrhenius equation. d Switchability of the redox conductivity between 0.0-Zn(pyrazol-NDI) (bottom sphere) and 0.5-Zn(pyrazol-NDI) (top sphere) over 100 cycles (~24 h operation).