Table 1.
Socio-biodemographic, clinical and biochemical characteristics of participants.
| Variable | Total (n = 72) | Non-obese (n = 36) | Obese (n = 36) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years)b | 62 (48.8–68.0) | 62.5 (49.0–67.5) | 61 (48.0–68.0) | 0.813 |
| Sexc | ||||
| Male | 24 (33.3) | 12 (33.3) | 12 (33.3) | 1.00 |
| Female | 48 (66.7) | 24 (66.7) | 24 (66.7) | |
| Lifestyle habitsc | ||||
| Never smoked | 45 (62.5) | 22 (61.1) | 23 (63.9) | 0.817 |
| Non drinker | 44 (61.1) | 22 (61.1) | 22 (61.1) | 0.497 |
| NCDc | ||||
| Arterial hypertension | 33 (45.8) | 14 (38.9) | 19 (52.8) | 0.488 |
| Type 2 diabetes | 15 (20.8) | 9.0 (25.0) | 6.0 (16.7) | 0.683 |
| Dyslipidemia | 53 (73.6) | 24 (66.7) | 29 (80.6) | 0.181 |
| Metabolic syndrome | 40 (55.6) | 14 (38.9) | 26 (72.2) | 0.004 |
| Stroke/heart attack | 5.0 (6.9) | 3.0 (8.3) | 2.0 (5.6) | 0.643 |
| Global Risk Scorec | ||||
| Low risk | 13 (18.1) | 10 (27.8) | 3.0 (8.3) | |
| Moderate risk | 7.0 (9.7) | 5.0 (13.9) | 2.0 (5.6) | 0.009 |
| High risk | 49 (68.0) | 18 (50.0) | 31 (86.1) | |
| Very high risk | 3.0 (4.2) | 3.0 (8.3) | 0.0 (0.0) | |
| Waist circumferencea | 98.8 (13.9) | 90.5 (11.1) | 108.8 (9.8) | < 0.001 |
| Visceral adiposity indexb | 2.5 (1.6–4.4) | 2.2 (1.4–3.9) | 3.1 (1.7–5.2) | 0.029 |
| Fasting blood glucoseb | 95.5 (84.0–102.0) | 90.5 (84.0–99.8) | 96.5 (85.8–103.0) | 0.099 |
| HOMA-IRb | 3.4 (2.0–6.0) | 2.4 (1.4–3.7) | 4.8 (2.3–6.5) | 0.010 |
| Triacylglycerolsb | 148 (107–213.8) | 133.5 (92.3–178) | 194 (117–245.5) | 0.018 |
| Total cholesterola | 202.5 (37.8) | 201.2 (43.7) | 203.7 (31.4) | 0.784 |
| HDL-Cb | 45 (37.0–53.0) | 43 (36.3–55.8) | 46 (40.0–53.0) | 0.907 |
| LDL-Ca | 121.7 (31.9) | 124.6 (35.3) | 118.6 (28.1) | 0.441 |
| VLDL-Cb | 30 (21.0–40.8) | 27.0 (18.3–35.8) | 38.5 (23.0–46.5) | 0.057 |
| Non-HDL-Ca | 155.1 (35.0) | 153.6 (39.9) | 156.5 (29.6) | 0.727 |
| hs-CRPb | 0.23 (0.11–0.55) | 0.18 (0.10–0.45) | 0.26 (0.16–0.66) | 0.405 |
| Systemic blood pressurec | ||||
| Normal | 28 (38.9) | 17 (47.2) | 11 (30.6) | 0.147 |
| Elevated | 44 (61.1) | 19 (52.8) | 25 (69.4) | |
Significant values are in bold.
aMean (standard deviation); bmedian (1st quartile–3rd quartile); cn (%); NCD noncommunicable disease, HOMA-IR Homeostatic Model Assessment of insulin resistance, HDL-C High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, VLDL-C Very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hs-CRP C-reactive protein high-sensitivity, Waist circumference (n = 66); Visceral Adiposity Index (n = 68); HDL-C, Non-HDL-C e us-CRP (n = 71); LDL-C e VLDL-C (n = 70).