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. 2023 Jul 20;14:4366. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-39964-7

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Representative examples of each IS element found in CRISPR-Cas loci are shown. Arrows represent ISs (marked by asterisks) and genes within the CRISPR-Cas clusters, with arrow orientation indicating the direction of IS insertion or gene transcription. Genomic coordinates beneath the species names indicate the range of each cas cluster, with the numbered lines indicating the relative position of each gene or IS within the corresponding region. All 28 of the identified naturally occurring transposition events are listed in Fig. S1.