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. 2023 Jul 20;14:4366. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-39964-7

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 7 — a Schematic diagram showing the assembly of the three NHEJ systems, which include the ku and ligD genes involved in NHEJ repair. b Transposition frequency was assayed in MG1655-ΔrecA harboring ompF, the target gene for DSBs mediated by SpCas9-HF1/sgRNA, followed by error-prone NHEJ DNA repair. Addition of l-arabinose (10 mM) induced ku expression. Up to 45 surviving colonies per plate were randomly selected for PCR validation, and the proportion of IS insertions into the SpCas9-HF1 coding region was calculated for each condition. Graph shows means ± S.D. derived from three biological replicates. ns, not significant; ***P < 0.001, using two-tailed unpaired t-test; P = 0.822, 0.000119, 3.3e-05 (from left to right). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.