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. 2023 Jul 20;14:4383. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-40093-4

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a The size distributions of the B. cinerea EVs isolated by sucrose gradients in fractions 4 and 5 were measured using nanoparticle tracking analysis. The data of 4 measurements in one replicate are presented here. Similar data were obtained in three biological replicates. The red area represents the standard error. b Transmission electron microscopy images of B. cinerea EVs from fractions 4 and 5. Scale bar, 100 nm. c Western blot analysis of BcPLS1 and BcTSP3 in sucrose gradient fractions purified B. cinerea EVs from liquid culture. d B. cinerea EVs isolated from BcPLS1-YFP and BcTSP3-YFP liquid culture were examined by confocal microscopy. Scale bar, 10 μm. e BcPLS1-YFP labeled B. cinerea EVs were observed outside the fungal cells at the site of infection on Arabidopsis leaves. Samples were pretreated with 0.75 M sorbitol for 30 min to induce plasmolysis before imaging. Scale bars 10μm. f BcPLS1-YFP and BcTSP3-YFP were examined in sucrose gradient fractionated EVs that were isolated from BcPLS1-YFP or BcTSP3-YFP B. cinerea strains infected wild-type Arabidopsis using western blot. Arabidopsis TET8 was used as plant exosome control. g EVs isolated from BcPLS1-YFP or BcTSP3-YFP B. cinerea strains infected Arabidopsis TET8-CFP plants were purified using sucrose gradients, and the EVs from fraction four were examined using confocal microscopy. Scale bars, 10μm. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.