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. 2023 Jul 20;14:4334. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-40002-9

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — a Phylogeny and timescale of 29 representative terrestrial plant species. Gray bars at nodes represent 95% confidence intervals of the estimated divergence dates, while red arrow and star indicate the origin of Asteraceae around 80 million years ago (MYA) in the late Cretaceous. Numbers at each branch or node represent expansions (red) and contractions (black) of orthologous groups. MRCA: most recent common ancestor. b Density distribution of estimated synonymous substitution rate (K_s) of syntelog pairs for intragenomic comparisons (Sc. taccada, lettuce (La. sativa), sunflower (Helianthus annuus), artichoke (Cynara cardunculus), and coffee (C. arabica)) and for Sc. taccada versus coffee, lettuce, and artichoke. c Macrosynteny visualization of the genomes of grapevine (Vitis vinifera), coffee, Sc. taccada, lettuce, and artichoke showing triplication events in Asteraceae. Three examples of syntelogs are colored in red, green, and blue, where one copy is in grapevine, coffee, and Sc. taccada, and three copies are in lettuce and artichoke. Numbers indicate chromosomes. Source data are provided as a Source data file.