TABLE 5.
Cluster comparison for the seven not selected procrastination items.
| Item | Procrastination items | Statistics | Cluster 5 patholo-gical procrasti-nators | Cluster 4 uncon-cerned delayers | Cluster 3 habitual delayers | Cluster 1 average delayers | Cluster 2 occasional delayers | Cluster 6 fast performers | All respondents | Dunn–Bonferroni post hoca | Effect size |
| Participants |
n (%) |
101 (10) |
100 (10) |
230 (23) |
283 (29) |
253 (26) |
23 (2) |
990 (100) |
|||
| 7 | Preferring less important activities |
M (SD) |
3.46 (0.58) |
2.93 (0.62) |
2.97 (0.59) |
2.04 (0.31) |
1.94 (0.33) |
1.00 (0) |
2.44 (0.74) |
5 > 4 = 3 > 1 > 2 | 0.35 |
| 8 | Tasks not completed |
M (SD) |
3.40 (1.09) |
1.43 (0.62) |
2.23 (0.88) |
1.66 (0.72) |
1.66 (0.73) |
1.04 (0.21) |
1.82 (0.97) |
5 > 3 > 1 = 4 = 2 | 0.16 |
| 9 | Task aversion |
M (SD) |
3.02 (0.88) |
2.28 (0.84) |
2.65 (0.86) |
2.17 (0.66) |
1.96 (0.68) |
1.39 (0.50) |
2.31 (0.94) |
5 > 3 > 4 = 1 > 2 | 0.40 |
| 10 | Relationships affected |
M (SD) |
2.22 (0.87) |
1.42 (0.55) |
1.78 (0.89) |
1.54 (0.62) |
1.22 (0.44) |
1.13 (0.34) |
1.56 (0.69) |
5 > 3 > 1 = 4 = 2 | 0.11 |
| 11 | Discomfort or remorse |
M (SD) |
3.49 (0.76) |
2.3 (0.92) |
3.10 (0.87) |
2.81 (0.85) |
2.34 (0.85) |
1.74 (0.86) |
2.78 (0.94) |
5 = 3 > 1 = 4 = 2 | 0.15 |
| 12 | Suppressing thoughts |
M (SD) |
2.40 (0.97) |
1.80 (0.80) |
2.17 (0.88) |
1.80 (0.80) |
1.60 (0.70) |
1.35 (0.71) |
1.88 (0.86) |
5 = 3 > 4 = 1 = 2 | 0.09 |
| 13 | Keep thinking about tasks |
M (SD) |
3.46 (0.74) |
3.11 (0.86) |
2.31 (0.78) |
3.08 (0.81) |
2.92 (0.92) |
2.26 (1.18) |
3.11 (0.86) |
5 = 3 > 1 = 4 = 2 | 0.04 |
n = 990. Cluster 6 “fast performers” (n = 23) was not included in cluster comparisons. Kruskal–Wallis tests with Dunn–Bonferroni correction were conducted for all variables.
aDunn–Bonferroni post hoc comparisons marked “>” are significant (p < 0.001), “=” are not significant.