Table 1.
Characteristics of the patients in the CANONIC and PREDICT study cohorts at enrolment
| Characteristic | Discovery set: CANONIC study cohort (n=831) |
Validation set: PREDICT study cohort (n=851) |
P value |
| Age (years) | 57 (50–66) | 59 (52–67) | <0.001 |
| Sex (female, %) | 292 (35.14) | 268 (31.49) | 0.125 |
| Ascites (%) | 526 (63.6) | 602 (70.74) | 0.002 |
| Hepatic encephalopathy (%) | 275 (33.09) | 276 (32.43) | 0.813 |
| Gastrointestinal bleeding (%) | 134 (16.13) | 127 (14.92) | 0.540 |
| Bacterial infection (%) | 194 (23.35) | 279 (32.78) | <0.001 |
| Alcoholic steatohepatitis (%) | 116 (14.36) | 65 (7.64) | <0.001 |
| Sepsis (%) | 127 (15.7) | 108 (12.84) | 0.112 |
| Liver failure (%) | 115 (13.86) | 76 (8.93) | 0.002 |
| Renal failure (%) | 112 (13.48) | 64 (7.52) | 0.000 |
| Brain failure (%) | 52 (6.27) | 33 (3.88) | |
| Coagulation failure (%) | 76 (9.31) | 44 (5.18) | 0.002 |
| Circulatory failure (%) | 33 (4.05) | 15 (1.76) | |
| Respiratory failure (%) | 21 (3) | 6 (0.71) | |
| Presence of ACLF (%) | 181 (21.78) | 109 (12.84) | <0.001 |
| ACLF grade (%) | <0.001 | ||
| ACLF-1 | 97 (11.67) | 74 (8.72) | |
| ACLF-2 | 65 (7.82) | 25 (2.94) | |
| ACLF-3 | 19 (2.29) | 10 (1.18) | |
| Patients in intensive care unit (%) | 44 (5.32) | 78 (9.17) | 0.003 |
| Liver transplant at 28 days (%) | 28 (3.37) | 15 (1.83) | 0.071 |
| Mortality at 28 days (%) | |||
| All patients | 79 (9.51) | 75 (8.81) | 0.683 |
| ACLF patients | 48 (26.52) | 30 (27.52) | 0.852 |
| AD non-ACLF patients | 31 (4.77) | 45 (6.08) | 0.283 |
| Hematocrit (%) | 30.4 (26.4–34.38) | 29.5 (26–34) | 0.024 |
| White cell count (×109/L) | 5.94 (4.14–9.29) | 6.47 (4.4–9.24) | 0.185 |
| International normalised ratio | 1.48 (1.29–1.83) | 1.46 (1.27–1.73) | 0.038 |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 2.9 (2.5–3.3) | 2.8 (2.44–3.3) | 0.171 |
| Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L) | 62 (37.5–101) | 54 (34–87) | 0.001 |
| Alanine aminotransferase (U/L) | 35 (22–55) | 29 (19–44.93) | <0.001 |
| Serum bilirubin (mg/dL) | 3 (1.6–6.88) | 2.67 (1.42–5.8) | 0.003 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.95 (0.72–1.4) | 0.93 (0.7–1.29) | 0.075 |
ACLF, acute-on-chronic liver failure; AD, acutely decompensated cirrhosis.