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. 2023 Feb 27;94(8):657–666. doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2022-330158

Table 1.

Selection criteria

Population Adults with degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis (excluded: patients with isthmic spondylolisthesis, degenerative scoliosis, spinal stenosis with other causes, or those with previous spinal surgery)
Intervention Isolated decompression (any surgical technique)
Comparison Decompression with fusion (instrumented spinal fusion with pedicle screw fixation)
Outcomes Primary: Oswestry Disability Index (scale 0–100, with higher scores indicating more severe impairment)
Low back pain and leg pain (on a visual analogue scale (VAS) of 0–100, with higher scores indicating more pain)
Secondary: reoperation rate, complication rate, length of hospital stay, duration of surgery, blood loss during surgery, and quality of life (QoL)
Studies Randomised controlled trials with true randomisation (pseudo-RCTs excluded), any language or location

RCT, randomised controlled trial.