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. 2023 Jun 16;51(13):6684–6701. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkad506

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© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nucleic Acids Research.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 7. — ETS1 expression alteration results in multiple ciliary defects in zebrafish larvae. (A) Representative image of ets1 morphants (ets1 MO, bottom) in bright field showed pericardial oedema and body curvature phenotypes. The arrowhead indicates pericardial oedema. Scale bar, 500 μm. (B) Percentage of embryos exhibiting body curvature and pericardial oedema phenotypes in control, ets1 morphants, ets1-overexpressing (ets1 mRNA) and ets1-rescued (ets1 MO + mRNA) zebrafish larvae. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, as determined using Student's t-test. (C and D) WISH results (C) and corresponding statistics (D) of cmlc2 at 30 hpf displayed deficiencies in left–right asymmetry after ets1 knockdown and overexpression. (E and F) Immunofluorescence staining using anti-acetyl-alpha-tubulin antibody at the 8-somite stage (E) and corresponding quantification (F) displayed decreased cilia length in the KV of ets1 morphants. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, as determined using Student's t-test. Scale bar, 20 μm. (G and H) The heart rate, expressed in bpm, in the ventricle and atrium over various time intervals for a total time of 10 min. The ventricle and atrium in control, ets1 morphants and ets1 mRNA-rescued larvae are labelled with dashed circles (G). Quantification of the results is shown in (H). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, as determined using Student's t-test. (I) The representative blood flow dynamics map of control, ets1 morphants and ets1 mRNA-rescued larvae at 5 dpf. The linear flow meter process was captured in a movie to show the change of blood flow in real time. AVD, average vessel diameter. Scale bar, 100 μm. (J and K) Representative results of locomotion trajectories (J) and swimming distance analysis (K) in control, ets1 morphants and ets1 mRNA-rescued larvae at 5 dpf during a total time of 20 min. The green line represents the trajectory at moderate velocity, and the red line represents the trajectory at high velocity.