Table 1.
Characteristics of the included studies.
| Author,year | Study population | Follow-up | Intervention | Total number of participants | Mean age(years) | Mean duration(years) | Region |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ahrén B (2017.05) (14) |
T2DM | 56week | Semaglutide 0.5 /1.0mg qw Sitagliptin 100mg qd |
1225 | 55.1±10 | 6.6±5.1 | Global multi-center |
| Aroda VR (2016.02) (15) |
T2DM | 30week | Semaglutide (0.5 mg/1.0 mg)qw Insulin glargine qd |
1089 | 56.5±10.4 | 8.6±6.3 | Global multi-center |
| Arslanian SA (2022.08) (16) |
T2DM | 26week | Dulaglutide 0.75mg/1.5mg qw Placebo |
154 | 14.5±2.0 | 2.0±1.7 | Global multi-center |
| Aso Y (2021.04) (17) |
T2DM | 52week | IDegLira qd Insulin Degludec and Insulin Aspart Injection bid |
57 | 68.4±9.7 | 20.3±7.8 | Japan multi-center |
| Astrup A (2009.11) (18) |
OB | 20week | Liraglutide 1.2/1.8/2.4/3.0mg qd Placebo Orlistat 120mg tid |
564 | 45.9±10.3 | NA | Europe multi-center |
| Barrington P (2011.05) (19) |
T2DM | 5week | Dulaglutide 0.05/0.3/1/3/5/8mg qd Placebo |
43 | 55.3±6.1 | NA | United States multi-center |
| Bergenstal RM (2010.08) (20) |
T2DM | 26week | Exenatide 2mg qw Sitagliptin 100 mg qd Pioglitazone 45mg qd |
514 | 52.3±10.3 | 5.7±4.7 | Global multi-center |
| Blonde L (2015.05) (21) |
T2DM | 52week | Dulaglutide 0.75mg/1.5mg qw Insulin glargine qd |
884 | 59.4±9.2 | 12.7±7.0 | Global multi-center |
| Brock C (2019.11) (22) |
T1DM | 26week | Liraglutide 1.2mg/1.8mg qd Placebo |
48 | 50.4±8.6 | 32.4±9.3 | Denmark single center |
| Buse JB (2013.01) (23) |
T2DM | 26week | Exenatide 2mg qw Liraglutide1.8mg qd |
911 | 57±9.5 | 8.5±6 | Global multi-center |
| Chen WR (2016.04) (24) |
STEMI (after PCI) |
once | Liraglutide 1.8mg Placebo |
210 | 57.8±11.4 | NA | China single center |
| D’Alessio D (2015.02) (25) |
T2DM | 24week | Liraglutide 1.8mg qd Insulin glargine qd |
965 | 57±9 | 9±6 | Global multi-center |
| Davies MJ (2009.12) (26) |
T2DM | 26week | Exenatide 10μg bid Insulin glargine 10u/d |
235 | 56.5±9.1 | 8.7±4.5 | UK multi-center |
| Davies M (2013.05) (27) |
T2DM | 26week | Exenatide 2mg qw Insulin detemir qd/bid |
222 | 58.5±10 | 7.5±5.5 | Europe multi-center |
| Derosa G (2013.08) (28) |
T2DM | 48week | Exenatide 10g bid Placebo |
171 | 57.0±7.5 | 7.7±3.0 | Italy multi-center |
| Frias JP (2019.09) (29) |
T2DM | 18week | Dulaglutide 1.5mg/3.0mg/4.5mg qw Placebo |
318 | 56.8±9.7 | 8.0±6.2 | Global multi-center |
| Frøssing S (2018) (30) |
PCOS&OB/OW | 26week | Liraglutide 1.8mg qd Placebo |
72 | 29.9±6.1 | NA | Copenhagen single center |
| Gao Y (2009.01) (31) |
T2DM | 16week | Exenatide 10mg bid Placebo |
472 | 54±9 | 8±5 | Asia multi-center |
| Grunberger (2012.10) (32) |
T2DM | 12week | Dulaglutide 0.1/0.5/1.0/1.5mgqw Placebo |
167 | 56.6 ± 8.8 | 3.9 ± 3.7 | Global multi-center |
| Gudipaty L (2014.09) (33) |
T2DM | 24week | Exenatide 10mg bid Sitagliptin 100mg qd Sitagliptin 100mg qd |
47 | 55.3±2.7 | 3.9±1.0 | United States single center |
| Hompesch M (2021.06) (34) |
T2DM | 12week | Exenatide 6mg qw/ 16mg qm Liraglutide 1.8mg qd |
47 | 52.5±8.5 | NA | United States single center |
| Husain M (2019.08) (35) |
T2DM | 36week | Oral Semaglutide 14mg qd Placebo |
3183 | 66±7 | 14.9±8.5 | Global multi-center |
| Inagaki N (2012.09) (36) |
T2DM | 26weeek | Exenatide 2mg qw Insulin glargine |
427 | 56.8±10.8 | 9.03±6.02 | Japan multi-center |
| J.Sever M (2014.03) (37) |
PCOS&OB | 12week | Liraglutide 1.2mg qd MET bid + LIRA 1.2 mg qd MET bid |
36 | 39.3±4.2 | NA | Slovenia single center |
| Jiang J (2011.12) (38) |
HV | 21day | Liraglutide 0.6/1.2/1.8mg qd Placebo |
37 | 30 ± 6 | NA | China single center |
| Jones KL (2020.05) (39) |
HV | 8week | Exenatide 2mg qw Placebo |
35 | 60.3±0.7 | NA | Australia multi-center |
| Koska J (2015.07) (40) |
T2DM | 11day | Exenatide 5-10ug bid Placebo |
42 | 63±6 | 5.5 | single center |
| Kothare PA (2008.12) (41) |
T2DM | 10day | Exenatide 2.5ug/5ug bid Placebo |
40 | 53.0±8.9 | NA | Japan single center |
| Kuhadiya ND (2016.07) (42) |
T1DM | 12week | Liraglutide 0.6/1.2/1.8 mg qd Placebo |
72 | NA | NA | New York, United States Single center |
| Li CJ (2014.09) (43) |
T2DM | 24week | Liraglutide 1.2mg qd Saxagliptin 5 mg qd Vildagliptin 50mg bid |
203 | NA | NA | China single center |
| Liu X (2017.12) (44) |
PCOS& OB | 12week | Exenatide 10ug bid Met 1000 mg bid |
178 | 27.8±3.3 | NA | China single center |
| Liutkus J (2010.12) (45) |
T2DM | 26week | Exenatide 10ug bid Placebo |
165 | 54.7±8.3 | 6.3±4.3 | Global multi-center |
| Ma RL (2021.11) (46) |
PCOS&OB | 12week | Exenatide 2mg qw+ Met tid Met tid |
50 | 29.1±4.5 | NA | China single center |
| Marso SP (2016.11) (47) |
T2DM | 104week | Semaglutide 0.5mg/1.0mg qw Placebo |
3297 | 64.6±7.4 | 13.9±8.1 | Global multi-center |
| Mathieu C (2014.07) (48) |
T2DM | 52week | Insulin degludec qd+ Liraglutide qd Insulin degludec qd+Insulin aspart qd |
177 | 61±9.2 | 12.4±6.5 | Global multi-center |
| Matikainen N (2019.01) (49) |
T2DM&OB | 16week | Liraglutide 1.8mg qd Placebo |
22 | 62.3±2 | 7.2±5.3 | Finland single center |
| Meneilly GS (2017.04) (50) |
T2DM | 24week | Lixisenatide 20 ug qd Placebo |
350 | 74.2 ±3.9 | 14.1 ±7.6 | Global multi-center |
| Miya A (2018.01) (51) |
T2DM | 12week | Lixisenatide 20ug qd +Basal insulin qd MDI(multiple daily insulin injection) |
31 | 62.3 ±11.4 | 20.2±11.3 | Japan multi-center |
| Miyagawa J (2015.01) (52) |
T2DM | 26week | Dulaglutide 0.75mg qw Liraglutide 0.9mg qd Placebo |
487 | 57.4±9.6 | 6.6±5.6 | Japan multi-center |
| Pfeffer MA (2015.12) (53) |
T2DM&ACS | 100week | Lixisenatide 20μg qd Placebo |
6068 | 60.3±9.7 | 9.3±8.3 | Global multi-center |
| Pi-Sunyer X (2015.07) (54) |
OB | 56week | Liraglutide 3.0mg qd Placebo |
3731 | 45.1±12.0 | NA | Global multi-center |
| Pozzilli P (2017.07) (55) |
T2DM | 28week | Dulaglutide 1.5 mg qw Placebo |
300 | 60.4±9.8 | 13.2±7.6 | Global multi-center |
| Riddle MC (2013.09) (56) |
T2DM | 24week | Lixisenatide 20ug qd Placebo |
495 | 57±10 | 12.5±6.8 | Global multi-center |
| Riddle MC(2013.09) (57) | T2DM | 24week | lixisenatide 20ug qd Placebo |
446 | 56±10 | 9.2±5.9 | Global multi-center |
| Rodbard HW (2019.12) (58) |
T2DM | 52week | Semaglutide 14mg qd Empagliflozin 25 mg qd |
822 | 58±10 | 7.4±6.1 | Global multi-center |
| Rosenstock J (2013.03) (59) | T2DM | 24week | Taspoglutide 10/20mg qw Exenatide 10mg bid |
1149 | 55.7±9.8 | 6.6±5.4 | Europe multi-center |
| Rosenstock J (2014.07) (60) |
T2DM | 24week | lixisenatide 20ug Placebo |
859 | 57.3±9.9 | 9.3±6.0 | Global multi-center |
| Rosenstock J (2016.09) (61) |
T2DM | 24week | LixiLan qd Insulin glargine qd |
323 | 56.8±9.5 | 6.7±4.8 | Global multi-center |
| Rosenstock J (2018.02) (62) |
T2DM | 39week | ITCA 650 40/60 mg qd Placebo |
441 | 55.0±9.7 | 8.9±6.4 | United States multi-center |
| Rosenstock J (2019.09) (63) |
T2DM | 12week | Efpeglenatide 0.3mg/1mg/2mg/3mg/4mg qw Liraglutide 1.8mg qd |
254 | 55.1±10.0 | 6.1±5.1 | Global multi-center |
| Rosenstock J (2021.07) (64) |
T2DM | 40week | Tirzepatide 5mg/10mg/15mg qw Placebo |
478 | 54.1±11.9 | 4.7±5.4 | Global multi-center |
| R.Jones D (2012.02) (65) |
T2DM | 26week | Exenatide 2mg qw Met 2000mg qd Pioglitazone 45mg qd Sitagliptin 100mg qd |
820 | 53.8±11 | 2.7±3.5(?) | Global multi-center |
| Seino Y (2008.08) (66) |
T2DM | 14week | Liraglutide 0.1/0.3/0.6/0.9mg qd Placebo |
226 | 57.3±8.1 | 7.6±5.4 | Japan multi-center |
| Seino Y (2012.01) (67) |
T2DM | 24week | Lixisenatide 20μg qw Placebo |
311 | 58.3±10.1 | 13.9±7.7 | Asia multi-center |
| Shi XL (2017.05) (68) |
T2DM | 12weeek | STII+exenatide 10ug bid STII |
129 | 45±8 | NA | China multi-center |
| Sorli C (2017.04) (69) |
T2DM | 30week | Semaglutide 0.5 mg/1.0 mg qw Placebo |
388 | 53.7±11.3 | 4.18±5.52 | Global multi-center |
| Umpierrez G (2014.08) (70) |
T2DM | 52week | Dulaglutide 0.75mg/1.5mg qw Met qd |
807 | 55.7±10.3 | 3±2 | Global multi-center |
| V.Ruiten CC (2022.05) (71) |
T2DM&OB | 16week | Exenatide 10μg bid + Dapagliflozin 10mg Exenatide 10μg bid+placebo for Dapagliflozin Placebo for Exenatide+Dapagliflozin ± Met ± SU Placebo ± Met ± SU |
65 | 63.5±0.9 | 8.4 | Netherlands single center |
| Weinstock RS (2015.09) (72) |
T2DM | 104week | Dulaglutide 1.5/0.75 mg qw Sitagliptin100 mg Placebo |
1098 | 54 | 7 | Global multi-center |
| Xu W (2015.01) (73) |
T2DM | 48week | Exenatide 10ug bid Insulin qd |
416 | NA | 0 | China multi-center |
| Yamada Y (2017.09) (74) |
T2DM | 4week | Lixisenatide 20μg qd Sitagliptin 50mg qd |
136 | 58.4±9.9 | 10.6 | Japan multi-center |
| Yang GR (2015.02) (75) |
T2DM | 8week | Loxenatide 50ug/100ug/200ug/300ug qw Placebo |
50 | 52.3±7.7 | NA | China multi-center |
| Yang WY (2018.02) (76) |
T2DM | 24week | Lixisenatide 20μg qd Placebo |
448 | 55.0±9.6 | 10.3 ±6.1 | Asia multi-center |
| Zinman B (2007.04) (77) |
T2DM | 16week | Exenatide 10ug bid Placebo |
233 | 56.1±10.5 | 7.7±5.3 | Global multi-center |
NA, Not Available.