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. 2023 Jun 28;9(7):e17451. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17451

Table 7.

Estimation results of the endogeneity test.

Dependent
θ
θ
θ
θ
Method IV-Tobit IV-Tobit IV-Tobit IV-Tobit
x1 −0.047*** (−10.33) −0.051*** (−5.29)
x2 −0.060*** (−9.88) −0.107*** (−16.89)
Control variables Yes Yes Yes Yes
τi Yes Yes Yes Yes
N 324 405 405 405
Amemiya-Lee-Newey minimum chi-square statistic 2.253 3.698 0.087 0.170
AR 35.60*** 99.59*** 160.60*** 145.07***
Wald test 34.70*** 97.61*** 28.01*** 65.76***

Notes: (1) This table reports the endogeneity test results. (2) *, **, and *** represent 10%, 5%, and 1% significance levels, respectively. (3) The Amemiya-Lee-Newey minimum chi-square statistic "/" indicates that the number of instrumental variables is comparable to the number of endogenous variables that are exactly identified.