Table 2. Diagnostic Genetic SNVs and CNVs and Their Associated Phenotypes, From a Cohort of 522 Patients With Unexplained Pediatric Epilepsya.
Participant ID | Gene or coordinate | Variant or size/type of CNV | Inheritance | ACMG/AMP for SNVs or syndrome/involved genes for CNVs | Age at seizure onset | Sex | Epilepsy type | Syndrome |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SNVs | ||||||||
1 | ANKRD11 | c.3039_3045del, p.Asp1013GlufsTer303 | De novo | P | 14 y | Female | Combined | NR |
2 | c.7535G>A, p.Arg2512Gln | Unknown | P | 1 y | Female | DEE | LGS | |
3 | ARHGEF9 | c.1285del, p.Glu429LysfsTer19 | Unknown | LP | 4 mo | Female | DEE | NR |
4 | ARID1B | c.3586C>T, p.Gln1196Ter | De novo | P | 8 y | Female | NAFE | NR |
5 | ATN1 | c.3193C>T, p.Gln1065Ter | De novo | VUS | 10 y | Male | GGE | NR |
6 | BCL11A | c.198C>G, p.His66Gln | Unknown | LP | 2 y | Female | GGE | EEM |
7 | BRAF | c.770A>G, p.Gln257Arg | De novo | P | 1 y 6 mo | Male | DEE | NR |
8 | BRAT1 | c.1925C>A, p.Ala642Glu | Paternal | LP | 6 wk | Female | DEE | NR |
c.294dupA, p.Leu99ThrfsTer92 | Maternal | P | ||||||
9 | BRWD3 | c.4080+1G>A | Maternal | LP | 2 y | Male | NAFE | NR |
10 | CACNA1A | c.601C>T, p.Arg201Trp | Unknown | LP | 4 y | Female | IGE | CAE |
11 | CACNA1G | c.3568C>T, p.Arg1190Ter | De novo | VUS | 5 y | Female | IGE | CAE |
12 | CHD2 | c.2876+3_2876+6delAAGT | De novo | LP | 1 y | Female | DEE | NR |
13 | c.3895_3896insC, p.Val1299AlafsTer5 | Unknown | P | 1 y 10 mo | Male | DEE | NR | |
14 | CLN8 | c.784G>A, p.Asp262Asn | Unknown | LP | 5 y 6 mo | Female | DEE | NR |
c.610C>T, p.Arg204Cys | Maternal | P | ||||||
15 | CREBBP | c.5315T>A, p.Ile1772Asn | Unknown | LP | Infantile | Male | DEE | NR |
16 | CSNK2A1 | c.921T>G, p.Tyr307Ter | De novo | LP | 9 m | Female | DEE | NR |
17 | CSNK2B | c.557+1G>A | Unknown | LP | 2 m | Male | DEE | NR |
18 | CYFIP2 | c.2542A>G, p.Met848Val | De novo | LP | 4 m | Male | DEE | IESS |
19 | DEPDC5 | c.363+1G>A | Paternal | LP | 3 y | Male | NAFE | NR |
20 | c.667A>G, p.Arg223Gly | Maternal | VUS | 8 y | Male | NAFE | NR | |
21 | c.1459C>T, p.Arg487Ter | Unknown | P | 10 y | Female | GGE | NR | |
22 | DYNC1H1 | c.5864G>T, p.Gly1955Val | De novo | LP | 2 mo | Male | DEE | IESS |
23 | EEF1A2 | c.364G>A, p.Glu122Lys | De novo | P | Infantile | Male | DEE | NR |
24 | FRRS1L | c.737_739del, p.Gly246del | Unknown | P | 11 mo | Female | DEE | NR |
25 | FOXP1 | c.-448G>C | Unknown | VUS | 4 y | Male | DEE | LGS |
26 | GABRA5 | c.902C>T, p.Thr301Met | De novo | LP | 11 y | Female | Combined | NR |
27 | GABRG2 | c.1087C>T, p.Arg363Trp | Unknown | LP | 1 y | Male | GGE | NR |
28 | c.542C>A, p.Thr181Asn | Maternal | LP | 7 y | Female | NAFE | NR | |
29 | GFAP | c.882C>A, p.Cys294Ter | Unknown | VUS | 2 y | Male | GGE | NR |
30 | GPHN | c.1471A>T, p.Arg491Ter | Unknown | P | 1 y | Male | GGE | NR |
31 | GRIA3 | c.1580C>A, p.Ser527Arg | Maternal | VUS | 1 y 6 mo | Male | GGE | NR |
32 | GRIN2A | c.1122+1G>C | Unknown | LP | 3 y | Male | NAFE | NR |
33 | GRIN2B | c.1843A>T, p.Asn615Tyr | De novo | P | 2 mo | Female | DEE | IESS |
34 | KCNA2 | c.217C>T, p.Arg73Ter | Unknown | LP | 9 y | Male | Combined | NR |
35 | KCNMA1 | c.1918C>T, p.Arg640Ter | Paternal | LP | 8 y | Female | Combined | NR |
36 | c.3199A>G, p.Lys1067Glu | De novo | LP | 14 y | Female | IGE | JME | |
37 | KCNQ2 | c.365C>T, p.Ser122Leu | De novo | P | 3 d | Female | DEE | NR |
38 | KCNQ3 | c.688C>T, p.Arg230Cys | De novo | P | 5 y | Female | DEE | NR |
39 | KDM4B | c.719G>A, p.Arg240Gln | De novo | LP | 1 y 6 mo | Male | DEE | NR |
40 | KDM6B | c.40C>G, p.Arg14Gly | De novo | VUS | 4 mo | Female | GGE | NR |
41 | KMT2E | c.1097_1116del20, p.Glu366ValfsTer4 | De novo | P | 4 y | Female | IGE | CAE |
42 | LGI1 | c.757G>A, p.Ala253Thr | Maternal | VUS | 4 y 6 mo | Male | NAFE | SELECTS |
43 | MECP2 | c.1200_1243del, p.Pro401Ter | De novo | P | 3 y | Female | NAFE | SHE |
44 | MTR | c.2411T>C, p.Ile804Thr | Paternal | VUS | 5 mo | Female | DEE | IESS |
c.2472A>T, p.Ala824= | Maternal | VUS | ||||||
45 | NBEA | c.4702dup, p.Val1568GlyfsTer14 | De novo | P | 1 y 6 mo | Male | DEE | EMATS |
46 | NEXMIF | c.846_849delTGTC, p.V283tfsX20 | De novo mosaic | P | 5 y | Female | GGE | NR |
47 | NPRL2 | c.323_339+19del | Paternal | P | 3 mo | Male | NAFE | IESS |
48 | OTUD6B | c.433C>T, p.Arg145Ter | Both | P | 9 mo | Male | DEE | IESS |
49 | PCDH19 | c.811_825del, p.Gly271_Tyr275del | De novo | LP | 9 mo | Female | DEE | NR |
50 | c.1335C>A, p.Asp445Glu | Maternal | LP | 6 mo | Female | DEE | NR | |
51 | POLR2A | c.3281C>T, p.Ser1094Phe | De novo | LP | 2 y | Male | DEE | NR |
52 | PGAP2 | c.823A>G, p.Met275Val | Unknown | LP | 5 mo | Male | DEE | IESS |
c.1040C>T, p.Ala347Val | Maternal | LP | ||||||
53 | POLG | c.1760C>T/c.752C>T, p.Pro587Leu/p.Thr251Ile | Maternal | P | 5 y | Male | GGE | NR |
c.1703G>C, p.Gly568Ala | Paternal | VUS | ||||||
54 | PPP2R5D | c.592G>A, p.Glu198Lys | Unknown | P | 2 y | Male | DEE | NR |
55 | PRRT2 | c.870delT, p.Tyr290Ter | De novo | P | 5 mo | Female | NAFE | SELIE |
56 | c.649dup, p.Arg217ProfsTer8 | Paternal | P | 3 mo | Female | NAFE | NR | |
57 | c.649dup, p.Arg217ProfsTer8 | Maternal | P | 5 mo | Male | GGE | SELIE | |
58 | RORA | c.680del, p.Thr227ArgfsTer80 | De novo | P | 6 y | Male | Combined | NR |
59 | SCN1A | c.5066T>C, p.Met1689Thr | De novo | LP | 3 y | Male | Combined | NR |
60 | c.5495C>A, p.Ala1832Glu | Maternal mosaic | P | 6 mo | Male | DEE | DS | |
61 | c.3429G>C, p.Glu1143Asp | De novo | LP | 6 mo | Male | DEE | DS | |
62 | c.664C>T, p.Arg222Ter | Maternal mosaic | P | 9 mo | Male | DEE | DS | |
63 | c.4634T>G, p.Ile1545Arg | De novo | P | 3 mo | Male | GGE | NR | |
64 | c.2955T>G, p.Asn985Lys | Unknown | LP | 6 mo | Female | NAFE | NR | |
65 | c.332T>A, p.Leu111Ter | De novo mosaic | P | 11 mo | Male | NAFE | GEFS+ | |
66 | c.4057G>A, p.Val1353Ile | Unknown | P | 6 mo | Male | DEE | NR | |
67 | c.5606T>C, p.Phe1869Ser | Maternal | VUS | 2 y | Male | GGE | NR | |
68 | SCN1B | c.363C>G, p.Cys121Trp | Maternal | LP | 1 y 6 mo | Female | NAFE | NR |
69 | c.1A>C, p.Met1? | Paternal | LP | 2 y | Female | GGE | NR | |
70 | SCN8A | c.3955G>T, p.Ala1319Ser | De novo | P | 3 wk | Male | DEE | NR |
71 | SETD1A | c.4268A>G, p.Gln1423Arg | De novo | LP | 11 mo | Female | DEE | HHE |
72 | SETD1B | c.5726T>C, p.Ile1909Thr | De novo | LP | 5 y | Female | IGE | CAE |
73 | SHANK3 | c.3949dupG, p.Val1317GlyfsX28 | De novo | P | 8 y | Female | DEE | NR |
74 | SLC12A5 | c.1052A>G, p.Asn351Ser | Both | LP | 3 m | Female | DEE | EIMFS |
75 | SON | c.6888T>G, p.Asp2296Glu | De novo | LP | 8 y | Male | DEE | NR |
76 | SPATA5 | c.2045C>T, p.Ala682Val | Maternal | LP | 3.5 y | Male | DEE | NR |
c.1883A>G, p.Asp628Gly | Paternal | LP | ||||||
77 | SPTAN1 | c.6589_6594dupGAGCT, p.Glu2197_Leu2198dup | De novo | P | 2 y | Male | DEE | NR |
78 | SRCAP | c.8919del, p.Leu2975Ter | Unknown | P | 5 y | Female | GGE | NR |
79 | STAG1 | c.1145C>T, p.Thr382Ile | De novo | VUS | 1 y 3 mo | Female | NAFE | NR |
80 | STXBP1 | c.1652G>A, p.Arg551His | Unknown | P | 1 m | Female | DEE | IESS |
81 | c.847G>A, p.Glu283Lys | Unknown | P | 1 y 6 mo | Male | NAFE | NR | |
82 | SYNGAP1 | c.403C>T, p.Arg135Ter | De novo | P | 3 y | Female | DEE | NR |
83 | c.1630C>T, p.Arg544Ter | Unknown | P | 2 y | Male | DEE | NR | |
84 | TANC2 | c.2326G>T, p.Glu776Ter | De novo | P | 8 mo | Female | DEE | IESS, LGS |
85 | TCF4 | c.1486+5delG | De novo | LP | 11 y | Female | DEE | NR |
86 | TRIT1 | c.967C>T, p.Arg323Trp | Both | LP | 1 y 6 mo | Female | DEE | NR |
87 | UBA5 | c.829G>A, p.Gly277Ser | Paternal | LP | 1 y 11 mo | Male | NAFE | NR |
c.1111G>A, p.Ala371Thr | Maternal | P | ||||||
88 | WDR26 | c.706C>G, p.Leu236Val | Unknown | VUS | 3 y | Male | DEE | NR |
89 | ZEB2 | c.3135C>G, p.His1045Gln | Unknown | VUS | 2 y 6 mo | Female | GGE | NR |
CNVs | ||||||||
90 | chr2:166847505-167334456 | 487 kb deletion | De novo | SCN1A | 1 y | Male | Combined | NR |
91 | chr3:11058648-11060634 | 2 kb deletion | Unknown27 | SLC6A1 | 1 y 10 mo | Female | GGE | NR |
92 | chr16:138446-140150 | 1.7 kb deletion | Unknown | NPRL3 | 4 mo | Male | NAFE | IESS |
93 | chr22:32121274-32302733 | 181 kb deletion | Maternal | DEPDC5 | 6 y | Male | NAFE | NR |
94 | chr22:32193336-32194893 | 1.5 kb deletion | Maternal | DEPDC5 | 3 y | Male | NAFE | NR |
95 | chr1:146630894-147415874 | 785 kb deletion | Paternal | 1q21.1 recurrent microdeletion | 5 y | Female | IGE | CAE |
96 | chr15:30896079-32404350 | 1.5 Mb deletion | De novo | 15q13.3 recurrent microdeletion | 6 y | Female | GGE | EMA |
97 | chr16:29674800-30199626 | 525 kb duplication | De novo | 16p11.2 recurrent microduplication | 8 mo | Male | NAFE | NR |
98 | chr16:21964495-22385880 | 421 kb deletion | Maternal | 16p12.1 recurrent microdeletion | 4 y | Male | GGE | NR |
99 | chr16:14960162-16297720 | 1.3 Mb deletion | Maternal | 16p13.11 recurrent microdeletion | 14 y | Male | NAFE | NR |
100 | chr22:18893638-21386351 | 2.5 Mb deletion | De novo | 22q11 deletion syndrome | 6 y | Female | GGE | NR |
Abbreviations: ACMG/AMP, American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics/Association for Molecular Pathology; ASM, antiseizure medication; CAE, childhood absence epilepsy; CNV, copy number variant; DEE, developmental and epileptic encephalopathy; DS, Dravet syndrome; EEM, epilepsy with eyelid myoclonia; EIMFS, epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures; EMA, epilepsy with myoclonic absences; EMATS, epilepsy with myoclonic-atonic seizures; GEFS+, generalized epilepsy with febrile seizure plus; GGE, genetic generalized epilepsy; HHE, hemiconvulsion-hemiplegia epilepsy syndrome; ID, identification number; IESS, infantile epileptic spasm syndrome; IGE, idiopathic generalized epilepsy; JME, juvenile myoclonic epilepsy; LGS, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome; LP, likely pathogenic; NAFE, nonacquired focal epilepsy; NR, not reported; P, pathogenic; SELECTS, self-limited epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes; SELIE, self-limited infantile epilepsy; SHE, sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy; SNV, single nucleotide variant; VUS, variants of uncertain significance.
Gene, variant, and ACMG/AMP classification are given for SNVs. Coordinate, size/type of CNV, and syndrome or genes involved are given for CNVs.