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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jul 21.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Rev Neurol. 2022 Mar 11;18(4):221–236. doi: 10.1038/s41582-022-00621-0

Fig. 2 |. Tumour cavity treatments for glioblastoma.

Fig. 2 |

Injection of iron oxide nanoparticles (1) enables magnetic hyperthermia. In photodynamic therapy (2), photosensitizing agents are applied to the cavity and are activated by light at a specific wavelength to generate reactive oxygen species. Implantation of wafers (3) designed to release chemotherapy. Injection of viral vectors (4), immune-s timulating oligodeoxynucleotides (5), engineered neural stem cells (6) or chimaeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells (7) into the cavity wall.