Table 1 |.
Clinical trials in high-grade glioma: intraoperative treatment modalities
| Study | Treatment | Study type | Patient cohort | Results | Adverse events (number of patients) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Localized thermotherapy | |||||
| Kamath et al. (2019)24 | LITT followed by standard chemoradiotherapy | Retrospective cohort | Primary or recurrent glioblastoma (n = 54) | Median OS, 11.5 months; median PFS, 6.6 months | Cerebral oedema (3), seizures (3), hydrocephalus (1), postoperative infection leading to death (1) |
| Mohammadi et al. (2019)23 | LITT followed by standard chemoradiotherapy vs chemoradiotherapy only | Retrospective, matched cohort | Primary glioblastoma (n = 48) | Median OS, 14.4 months in LITT group vs 15.8 months in controls; median PFS, 4.3 vs 5.9 months | Transient worsening of neurological deficits (6), permanent deficit (2) |
| Maier-Hauff et al. (2011)29 | Stereotactic injection of magnetic beads + 30 Gy radiotherapy | Phase II | Primary (n = 7) or recurrent (n = 59) glioblastoma | Median OS, 13 months; median PFS, 8 months | Seizures (15), transient worsening of neurological deficits (14) |
| Grauer et al. (2019)30 | Intracavitary superparamagnetic iron oxide particles + 60 Gy radiotherapy | Phase I | Recurrent glioblastoma (n = 6) | Median OS, 8.3 months; median PFS, 6.25 months | Inflammation and oedema requiring treatment (6), removal of beads owing to mass effect (4) |
| PDT | |||||
| Schipmann et al. (2020)43 | Peroperative PDT of resection cavity in 5-aminolevulinic acid-treated patients | Phase I | Recurrent high-grade glioma (n = 20) | Median OS not reached, 75% alive after 6 months; median PFS, 6.0 months; 75% of tumours recurred at site of PDT | Surgical site infection (1) |
| Eljamel et al. (2008)42 | Fluorescent-guided resection followed by five sessions of PDT + radiotherapy vs non-fluorescent-guided resection + radiotherapy | Phase III | Primary glioblastoma (n = 27) | Median OS, 12.2 months in PDT group vs 5.6 months in controls; median PFS, 8.6 vs 4.8 months | Deep vein thrombosis (3) |
LITT, laser interstitial thermal therapy; OS, overall survival; PDT, photodynamic therapy; PFS, progression-free survival.