. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jul 21.

Published in final edited form as: Nat Rev Neurol. 2022 Mar 11;18(4):221–236. doi: 10.1038/s41582-022-00621-0

Table 4 |.

Clinical trials in high-grade glioma: localized radiotherapy

Study	Treatment	Study type	Patient cohort	Results	Adverse events (number of patients)
Schwartz et al. (2015)¹¹⁹	Stereotactic implantation of ¹²⁵I beads	Retrospective cohort	Recurrent high-grade glioma (n = 68)	Median OS, 41.8 months; median PFS, 8.3 months; treatment failure observed in 57 patients	Surgical revision of beads (1), oedema requiring steroids and bevacizumab (6)
Kickingereder et al. (2014)¹²⁰	Stereotactic implantation of ¹²⁵I beads vs standard of care only	Retrospective cohort	Inoperable primary or recurrent glioblastoma (n = 201)	Median OS, 11.1 months; median PFS, 6.2 months	Transient oedema treated with corticosteroids (7), persistent neurological deficits owing to oedema (3), cyst requiring stereotactic evacuation (1), abscess requiring stereotactic drainage (1)
Sarria et al. (2020)¹²³	Intraoperative radiotherapy + standard of care	Retrospective cohort	Primary glioblastoma (n = 51)	Median OS, 18.0 months; median PFS, 11.4 months	Radiation necrosis, no intervention required (12)

OS, overall survival; PFS, progression-free survival.