. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jul 21.

Published in final edited form as: Nat Rev Neurol. 2022 Mar 11;18(4):221–236. doi: 10.1038/s41582-022-00621-0

Table 5 |.

Clinical trials in high-grade glioma: neural stem cell therapy

Study	Treatment	Study type	Patient cohort	results	Adverse events (number of patients)
Portnow et al. (2017)¹²⁶	Neural stem cells expressing cytosine deaminase into resection cavity wall	Phase I	Recurrent high-grade glioma (n = 15)	Median OS, 8.4 months; median PFS, 1.0 month; higher dose correlated with longer survival	Death owing to haemorrhage (1), grade 3 liver toxicity necessitating termination of treatment (1)
Fares et al. (2021)¹²⁸	Neural stem cells delivering oncolytic adenovirus into resection cavity wall	Phase I	Primary high-grade glioma (n = 12)	Median OS, 18.4 months; median PFS, 9.1 months	Meningitis owing to injection into cerebral ventricle (1)

OS, overall survival, PFS, progression-free survival.