Table 2.
Summary of cross-sectional results for selected variables
| Metric | Control | FRDA | Difference (%) | Cohen’s d | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Raw | Corrected | |||||
| Morphometry—FreeSurfer (10−2) | ||||||
| Medulla | 0.322 ± 0.031 | 0.256 ± 0.018 | −20.5% | −2.77 | 4.02 × 10−12 | 1.01 × 10−10 |
| Pons | 0.910 ± 0.080 | 0.830 ± 0.076 | −8.8% | −1.03 | 0.001 | 0.023 |
| Midbrain | 0.409 ± 0.032 | 0.370 ± 0.017 | −9.6% | −1.62 | 1.87 × 10−6 | 4.31 × 10−5 |
| Thalamus | 1.020 ± 0.064 | 0.960 ± 0.057 | −5.9% | −1.01 | 0.001 | 0.029 |
| Fourth ventricle | 0.135 ± 0.028 | 0.159 ± 0.040 | 17.6% | 0.67 | 0.027 | 0.483 |
| SCP | 0.015 ± 0.002 | 0.011 ± 0.001 | −25.1% | −2.00 | 2.36 × 10−8 | 5.66 × 10−7 |
| CSF | 0.110 ± 0.012 | 0.123 ± 0.022 | 12.2% | 0.73 | 0.017 | 0.335 |
| VentralDC | 0.532 ± 0.038 | 0.507 ± 0.033 | −4.7% | −0.72 | 0.019 | 0.355 |
| CC mid-posterior | 0.029 ± 0.007 | 0.025 ± 0.005 | −12.7% | −0.64 | 0.036 | 0.606 |
| Morphometry—CERES (10−2) | ||||||
| Cerebellum | 8.278 ± 0.793 | 8.098 ± 0.563 | −2.2% | −0.28 | 0.311 | 1.000 |
| Cerebellum WM | 0.938 ± 0.101 | 0.842 ± 0.084 | −10.3% | −1.05 | 3.0 × 10−4 | 0.005 |
| Cerebellum GM | 7.339 ± 0.701 | 7.256 ± 0.512 | −1.1% | −0.15 | 0.580 | 1.000 |
| DTI—FA | ||||||
| SCP | 0.559 ± 0.045 | 0.437 ± 0.055 | −21.8% | −2.38 | 2.64 × 10−10 | 7.14 × 10−9 |
| ICP | 0.390 ± 0.031 | 0.313 ± 0.038 | −19.7% | −2.2 | 2.02 × 10−9 | 5.24 × 10−8 |
| PLIC | 0.623 ± 0.014 | 0.604 ± 0.022 | −3.2% | −1.02 | 0.001 | 0.024 |
| SCR | 0.457 ± 0.016 | 0.437 ± 0.020 | −4.4% | −1.07 | 7.21 × 10−4 | 0.017 |
| Fx_ST | 0.546 ± 0.028 | 0.517 ± 0.021 | −5.4% | −1.21 | 1.73 × 10−4 | 0.004 |
| DTI—RD (10−3 mm2/s) | ||||||
| SCP | 0.595 ± 0.064 | 0.789 ± 0.090 | 32.6% | 2.42 | 1.59 × 10−10 | 4.29 × 10−9 |
| ICP | 0.821 ± 0.048 | 0.967 ± 0.121 | 17.7% | 1.49 | 7.12 × 10−6 | 1.85 × 10−4 |
| PLIC | 0.370 ± 0.014 | 0.394 ± 0.026 | 6.5% | 1.1 | 5.05 × 10−4 | 0.012 |
| SCR | 0.475 ± 0.022 | 0.496 ± 0.024 | 4.5% | 0.91 | 0.003 | 0.073 |
| Fx_ST | 0.521 ± 0.038 | 0.561 ± 0.028 | 7.6% | 1.21 | 1.77 × 10−4 | 0.004 |
| DTI—MD (10−3 mm2/s) | ||||||
| SCP | 0.913 ± 0.052 | 1.053 ± 0.072 | 15.3% | 2.17 | 2.93 × 10−9 | 7.91 × 10−8 |
| ICP | 1.020 ± 0.046 | 1.130 ± 0.115 | 10.7% | 1.17 | 2.32 × 10−4 | 0.006 |
| PLIC | 0.636 ± 0.014 | 0.658 ± 0.022 | 3.4% | 1.15 | 3.10 × 10−4 | 0.008 |
| SCR | 0.646 ± 0.024 | 0.663 ± 0.023 | 2.6% | 0.73 | 0.017 | 0.347 |
| Fx_ST | 0.790 ± 0.033 | 0.823 ± 0.030 | 4.2% | 1.06 | 8.05 × 10−4 | 0.019 |
| DTI—AD (10−2 mm2/s) | ||||||
| SCP | 0.155 ± 0.006 | 0.158 ± 0.007 | 2.1% | 0.51 | 0.090 | 1 |
| ICP | 0.142 ± 0.006 | 0.146 ± 0.011 | 2.7% | 0.41 | 0.172 | 1 |
| PLIC | 0.117 ± 0.002 | 0.119 ± 0.003 | 1.4% | 0.64 | 0.034 | 0.891 |
| SCR | 0.099 ± 0.004 | 0.100 ± 0.003 | 0.9% | 0.27 | 0.372 | 1 |
| Fx_ST | 0.133 ± 0.004 | 0.135 ± 0.005 | 1.6% | 0.45 | 0.137 | 1 |
| FBA—FD | ||||||
| SCP | 0.889 ± 0.054 | 0.711 ± 0.066 | −20.0% | −2.89 | 9.16 × 10−13 | 7.23E-11 |
| ICP | 0.743 ± 0.045 | 0.677 ± 0.049 | −9.0% | −1.41 | 1.96 × 10−5 | 0.001 |
| PLIC | 1.030 ± 0.030 | 0.994 ± 0.034 | −3.4% | −1.1 | 5.45 × 10−4 | 0.035 |
| SCR | 0.833 ± 0.031 | 0.780 ± 0.030 | −6.3% | −1.73 | 4.89 × 10−7 | 3.57 × 10−5 |
| FBA—FC | ||||||
| SCP | 0.045 ± 0.058 | −0.171 ± 0.083 | - | −2.93 | 5.92 × 10−13 | 4.74 × 10−11 |
| ICP | 0.063 ± 0.062 | −0.112 ± 0.070 | - | −2.61 | 1.92 × 10−11 | 1.48 × 10−9 |
| PLIC | 0.014 ± 0.061 | −0.081 ± 0.066 | - | −1.48 | 8.45 × 10−6 | 6.00 × 10−4 |
| SCR | 0.024 ± 0.087 | −0.089 ± 0.078 | - | −1.38 | 2.58 × 10−5 | 0.002 |
| FBA—FDC | ||||||
| SCP | 0.937 ± 0.093 | 0.603 ± 0.092 | −35.7% | −3.61 | 6.54 × 10−16 | 5.30 × 10−14 |
| ICP | 0.797 ± 0.077 | 0.608 ± 0.065 | −23.7% | −2.7 | 8.45 × 10−12 | 6.59 × 10−10 |
| PLIC | 1.056 ± 0.091 | 0.920 ± 0.068 | −12.9% | −1.73 | 5.04 × 10−7 | 3.63 × 10−5 |
| SCR | 0.867 ± 0.097 | 0.718 ± 0.061 | −17.2% | −1.91 | 6.41 × 10−8 | 4.81 × 10−6 |
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Volumes are normalized by total intracranial volume. Bold values are significant P-values.