Table 3.
Subgroup analysis of inflammation markers and risk of CVD.
| Biomarker | Grouping criteria | Subgroup | Pooled results (95% CI) | Signifificance test (P-value) | No. of studies | No. of effffect estimates | P-value for Heterogeneity | I 2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FIB | Location | EUR | 1.21 (1.15–1.27) | <0.001 | 3 | 4 | 0.117 | 41.1% |
| Age | <60 | 1.23 (1.16–1.31) | <0.001 | 1 | 3 | 0.453 | 0.0% | |
| ≥60 | 1.15 (1.05–1.26) | 0.002 | 5 | 7 | 0.053 | 66.0% | ||
| CVD type | CVD | 1.23 (1.15–1.31) | <0.001 | 2 | 2 | 0.199 | 39.3% | |
| MI | 1.04 (0.89–1.22) | 0.626 | 1 | 1 | – | – | ||
| Stroke | 1.20 (1.07–1.35) | 0.003 | 2 | 2 | 0.048 | 74.3% | ||
| CHD | 1.30 (1.08–1.57) | 0.006 | 1 | 2 | 0.576 | 0.0% | ||
| Sample Size | <5,000 | 1.15 (1.05–1.26) | 0.002 | 1 | 3 | 0.053 | 66.0% | |
| ≥5,000 | 1.23 (1.16–1.31) | <0.001 | 3 | 4 | <0.453 | 0.0% | ||
| IL-6 | Location | EUR | 1.24 (1.12–1.37) | <0.001 | 2 | 2 | 0.518 | 0.0% |
| USA | 1.14 (1.06–1.22) | <0.001 | 5 | 5 | 0.491 | 0.0% | ||
| CAN | 1.07 (0.90–1.27) | 0.441 | 1 | 1 | – | – | ||
| Age | <60 | 1.19 (1.09–1.30) | <0.001 | 3 | 3 | 0.294 | 18.3% | |
| ≥60 | 1.14 (1.06–1.22) | <0.001 | 5 | 5 | 0.491 | 0.0% | ||
| CVD type | CVD | 1.16 (1.01–1.32) | 0.030 | 1 | 1 | – | – | |
| CAD | 1.34 (1.03–1.74) | 0.029 | 1 | 1 | – | – | ||
| Stroke | 1.45 (1.12–1.86) | 0.004 | 1 | 1 | – | – | ||
| CHD | 1.07 (0.90–1.27) | 0.441 | 1 | 1 | – | – | ||
| HF | 1.18 (1.10–1.26) | <0.001 | 4 | 4 | 0.297 | 18.6% | ||
| AF | 1.08 (0.91–1.29) | 0.387 | 1 | 1 | – | – | ||
| Sample Size | <5,000 | 1.17 (1.09–1.25) | <0.001 | 5 | 5 | 0.429 | 0.0% | |
| ≥5,000 | 1.14 (1.04–1.25) | 0.006 | 3 | 3 | 0.287 | 19.8% | ||
| CRP | Location | EUR | 1.21 (1.13–1.30) | <0.001 | 7 | 10 | 0.001 | 67.5% |
| USA | 1.16 (1.09–1.24) | <0.001 | 7 | 9 | 0.002 | 67.4% | ||
| CAN | 1.28 (1.04–1.57) | 0.019 | 1 | 1 | – | – | ||
| Age | <60 | 1.22 (1.13–1.32) | <0.001 | 7 | 9 | 0.026 | 54.2% | |
| ≥60 | 1.19 (1.12–1.25) | <0.001 | 9 | 13 | <0.001 | 72.6% | ||
| CVD type | CVD | 1.22 (1.15–1.30) | <0.001 | 3 | 3 | 0.499 | 0.0% | |
| MI | 1.28 (1.12–1.46) | <0.001 | 1 | 1 | – | – | ||
| Stroke | 1.15 (1.03–1.29) | 0.010 | 4 | 4 | 0.018 | 70.3% | ||
| CHD | 1.20 (1.20–1.31) | <0.001 | 4 | 4 | 0.129 | 47.1% | ||
| HF | 1.23 (1.10–1.38) | <0.001 | 5 | 6 | <0.001 | 82.8% | ||
| IHD | 1.15 (1.00–1.32) | 0.048 | 1 | 1 | – | – | ||
| CAD | 1.00 (0.76–1.33) | >0.999 | 1 | 1 | – | – | ||
| AF | 1.13 (1.02–1.26) | 0.022 | 2 | 2 | 0.314 | 1.4% | ||
| Sample Size | <5,000 | 1.23 (1.18–1.29) | <0.001 | 7 | 9 | 0.359 | 9.2% | |
| ≥5,000 | 1.17 (1.10–1.24) | <0.001 | 9 | 13 | <0.001 | 72.5% | ||
| Gal-3 | Location | EUR | 1.07 (1.01–1.14) | 0.024 | 1 | 3 | 0.907 | 0.0% |
| USA | 1.11 (1.05–1.18) | <0.001 | 6 | 9 | 0.204 | 27.1% | ||
| Age | <60 | 1.10 (1.04–1.16) | <0.001 | 3 | 6 | 0.652 | 0.0% | |
| ≥60 | 1.08 (1.01–1.16) | 0.020 | 4 | 6 | 0.135 | 40.5% | ||
| CVD type | CVD | 1.20 (1.02–1.41) | 0.027 | 1 | 1 | – | – | |
| MI | 1.06 (0.94–1.20) | 0.350 | 1 | 1 | – | – | ||
| Stroke | 1.06 (0.95–1.99) | 0.316 | 2 | 2 | 0.931 | 0.0% | ||
| CHD | 1.10 (0.96–1.25) | 0.161 | 2 | 2 | 0.568 | 0.0% | ||
| HF | 1.09 (1.03–1.16) | 0.002 | 5 | 5 | 0.049 | 58.2% | ||
| AF | 1.13 (0.94–1.35) | 0.182 | 1 | 1 | – | – | ||
| Sample Size | <5,000 | 1.16 (1.08–1.25) | <0.001 | 6 | 5 | 0.782 | 0.0% | |
| ≥5,000 | 1.06 (1.01–1.12) | 0.017 | 3 | 7 | 0.362 | 8.8% |