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Bottom-up design and ZM engineering of metallic GNRs. (A) Metallic band in 5-sGNRs emerges only if the orientation of the monomers along the axis of polymerization (x-axis) follows a regioregular −AB–AB–AB– pattern. (B) Presence of a σyz mirror plane in 1a/b normal to the axis of polymerization (x-axis) ensures that either of two possible orientations of a monomer during the radical step-growth polymerization gives rise to a metallic ZM band in oGNRs.
