Figure 3.

Influences on sleep stages by sleep deprivation.

(A) Representative signals for EEG, EMG, and sleep state analysis during the whole SD period for mice in the Control or SD groups. (B) Representative EEG and EMG signals for different sleep states, such as wake, REM, and NREM. (C) Statistical analysis of the influence of SD on sleep stages. SD had a significant effect on sleep stages compared with control mice. Specifically, SD increased the waking state by 46%, decreased REM sleep by 90%, and slightly decreased NREM sleep by 31%, although this was not significant. All data are represented by the mean ± SEM and were analyzed by Student’s t-test. Con: Control group; EEG: electroencephalogram; NREM: non-rapid eye movement; REM: rapid eye movement; SD: Sleep deprivation group.