Figure 1.

Progressive amyloid-β pathology and cognitive dysfunctions in 5×FAD mice.

(A) Representative immunofluorescence images of microglia (Iba1 in green) and amyloid-β (Aβ; 6E10 in red) in the hippocampi of wild-type (WT) or 5×FAD (TG) mice. Yellow arrowheads indicate activated microglia. (B) Quantification of the expression levels of amyloid-beta burden in the hippocampi of mice. (C) In the novel object recognition test, the TG mice showed a significantly reduced percentage of preference for novel objects (object B) than the familiar objects (object A) in the testing session. (D) In the Y-maze test, the TG mice showed fewer spontaneous alternations than the WT controls. (E) The graph shows the percentages of IL-1β and IL-6 expression in TG and WT mice as examined by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The data are shown as the mean ± standard error of the mean. *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001 (n = 8). M: Month; SAP: spontaneous alternation performance; TG: 5×FAD; WT: wild-type.