Figure 1.

The pathogenesis of CV2/CRMP5 antibody-associated paraneoplastic neurological syndrome.

(1) The immune system attacks tumor cells, inducing apoptosis and resulting in antigen exposure; (2) antigen-presenting cells swallow the antigen and travel to local lymph nodes, naive lymphocytes are activated into cytotoxic T cells and CD4⁺ helper T cells, respectively, and B lymphocytes differentiate into plasma cells to produce CV2/CRMP5 antibodies; (3) plasma cells, CD4⁺ helper T cells and cytotoxic T cells cross the blood-brain barrier and cytotoxic T cells attack neurons that express the same antigen as the tumor cells. CRMP5: collapsin response mediator protein 5.