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. 2023 Jul 7;11:1193177. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1193177

TABLE 5.

VPP distances to the proximal joints.

Breed/Gait dVPPPL [% l 0] dhVPPPL [% l 0] dVPPTL [% l 0] dhVPPTL [% l 0]
Beagle(1)/walk 0.44 ± 0.14 −0.19 ± 0.09 0.70 ± 0.08 0.15 ± 0.06
Beagle(1)/trot 0.24 ± 0.08 −0.06 ± 0.03 0.48 ± 0.18 0.23 ± 0.03
F. Bulldog(2)/walk 0.99 ± 0.17 −0.48 ± 0.12 1.14 ± 0.16 0.11 ± 0.12
F. Bulldog(2)/trot 0.25 ± 0.12 −0.18 ± 0.07 0.89 ± 0.3 0.23 ± 0.09
Malinois(3)/walk 0.92 ± 0.36 −0.19 ± 0.02 0.7 ± 0.19 0.14 ± 0.07
Malinois(3)/trot 0.2 ± 0.1 −0.04 ± 0.06 0.19 ± 0.12 0.16 ± 0.04
Whippet(4)/walk 0.81 ± 0.2 −0.09 ± 0.10 0.70 ± 0.16 0.26 ± 0.13
Whippet(4)/trot −0.03 ± 0.2 0.01 ± 0.04 0.30 ± 0.05 0.15 ± 0.08
Gait p < 0.001 (***) p < 0.001 (**) p < 0.001 (***) n.s.
Breed n.s. p < 0.01 (**) p < 0.001 (***) n.s.
Gait*Breed n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s.
Post-Hoc-Tests
2\1 p = 0.03 (*) p < 0.001 (***)
3\1 n.s. n.s.
4\1 n.s. n.s.
3\2 p < 0.01 (**) p < 0.001 (***)
4\2 p < 0.01 (**) p < 0.001 (***)
4\3 n.s. n.s.

dVPPPL (vertical distance VPP- hip, joint), dhVPPPL (horizontal distance VPP- hip, joint).

dVPPTL (vertical distance VPP- scapulothoracic joint) and dhVPPTL (horizontal distance VPP- scapulothoracic joint) are dimensionless (% l 0). Negative dhVPPPL, values indicate that the VPPPL, is located cranially to the hip joint.

Positive dhVPPTL, values indicate that the VPPTL, is located caudally to the scapulothoracic joint.