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Primary products on a Cu electrode at neutral pH generated upon reducing (a) aldehydes; (b) alcohols; (c) ketones; (d) ketonealdehhyde; (e) hydroxyketones; and (f) hydroxyaldehydes. Products in blue represent the preferred compound; in green represent the products less favorably formed. Products in black are unlikely to be formed in neutral pH on the Cu electrode (as also indicated by the arrow with the red cross).
