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. 2023 Jul 7;71(28):10751–10760. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01248

Table 3. Concentration (μg/L) of HGA and the Metabolites MCPA-G/MCPA-C and MCPF-G and Peak Areas of MCPF-C in Individual Milk Samples of Cows (C1–C5)a.

    HGA (μg/L)b
MCPA-G (μg/L)c
MCPA-C (μg/L)d
MCPF-G (μg/L)e
MCPF-Cf peak areaf
day time C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5
1 am 3.7 NQ NQ ++ + + + +
  pm 8.6 20 12 8.2 18 2.1 9.2 1.9 6.8 ++ ++ ++ ++ +++
2 am 1.4 5.2 2.1 NQ 2.5 NQ NQ NQ NQ ++ ++ ++ ++ +++
  pm 39 44 35 14 44 11 7.9 3.0 NQ 14 NQ ++ +++ ++ ++ +++
3 am NQ 9.5 15 4.7 2.9 8.8 1.2 0.78 NQ 2.4 1.2 1.4 NQ NQ NQ +++ +++ ++ ++ +++
  pm 34 99 50 74 51 2.9 11 2.5 4.1 7.9 NQ +++ +++ +++ +++ ++++
4 am NQ 4.3 17 6.0 7.2 8.3 NQ 1.3 NQ 1.6 NQ NQ NQ +++ +++ +++ +++ ++++
a

NQ: value below LOQ but above LOD. −, not detected.

b

Hypoglycin A (HGA): LOQ = 1.12 μg/L, LOD = 0.34 μg/L.

c

Methylenecyclopropylacetyl-glycine (MCPA-G): LOQ 0.99 μg/L, LOD = 0.30 μg/L.

d

Methylenecyclopropylacetyl-carnitine (MCPA-C): LOQ 0.75 μg/L, LOD 0.23 μg/L.

e

Methylenecyclopropylformyl-glycine (MCFP-G): LOQ 1.09 μg/L, LOD = 0.33 μg/L.

f

Peak areas in milk samples: +, >1.00 × 104; ++, >1.00 × 105; +++, >5.00 × 105; ++++, >2.00 × 106.