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. 2023 Jul 19;2023(7):CD011585. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011585.pub2

Comparison 3. Rifaximin plus non‐absorbable disaccharides versus non‐absorbable disaccharides alone.

Outcome or subgroup title No. of studies No. of participants Statistical method Effect size
3.1 Mortality 14 1946 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.69 [0.55, 0.86]
3.1.1 Acute hepatic encephalopathy 7 776 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.65 [0.46, 0.92]
3.1.2 Chronic hepatic encephalopathy 1 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) Not estimable
3.1.3 Prevention of hepatic encephalopathy 6 1144 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.90 [0.58, 1.39]
3.2 Serious adverse events 7 1076 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.66 [0.45, 0.98]
3.2.1 Acute hepatic encephalopathy 3 393 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.65 [0.37, 1.14]
3.2.2 Chronic hepatic encephalopathy 1 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) Not estimable
3.2.3 Prevention of hepatic encephalopathy 3 657 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.68 [0.33, 1.40]
3.3 Hepatic encephalopathy 17 2332 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.58 [0.48, 0.71]
3.3.1 Acute hepatic encephalopathy 8 944 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.62 [0.45, 0.87]
3.3.2 Chronic hepatic encephalopathy 1 26 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.80 [0.28, 2.32]
3.3.3 Prevention of hepatic encephalopathy 8 1362 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.54 [0.42, 0.69]
3.4 Mortality (extreme best‐case) 14 1947 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.61 [0.49, 0.76]
3.4.1 Acute hepatic encephalopathy 7 776 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.54 [0.42, 0.70]
3.4.2 Chronic hepatic encephalopathy 1 27 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.19 [0.01, 3.56]
3.4.3 Prevention of hepatic encephalopathy 6 1144 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.90 [0.58, 1.39]
3.5 Mortality (best‐case) 14 1947 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.69 [0.55, 0.86]
3.5.1 Acute hepatic encephalopathy 7 776 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.65 [0.46, 0.92]
3.5.2 Chronic hepatic encephalopathy 1 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) Not estimable
3.5.3 Prevention of hepatic encephalopathy 6 1144 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.90 [0.58, 1.39]
3.6 Mortality (worst‐case) 14 1947 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.63 [0.51, 0.78]
3.6.1 Acute hepatic encephalopathy 7 776 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.56 [0.44, 0.72]
3.6.2 Chronic hepatic encephalopathy 1 27 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.93 [0.15, 5.67]
3.6.3 Prevention of hepatic encephalopathy 6 1144 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.90 [0.58, 1.39]
3.7 Mortality (extreme worst‐case) 14 1947 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.73 [0.57, 0.93]
3.7.1 Acute hepatic encephalopathy 7 776 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.68 [0.45, 1.02]
3.7.2 Chronic hepatic encephalopathy 1 27 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 4.67 [0.24, 88.96]
3.7.3 Prevention of hepatic encephalopathy 6 1144 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.90 [0.58, 1.39]
3.8 Serious adverse events (worst‐case) 7 1077 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.67 [0.47, 0.97]
3.8.1 Acute hepatic encephalopathy 3 393 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.65 [0.37, 1.14]
3.8.2 Chronic hepatic encephalopathy 1 27 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.93 [0.15, 5.67]
3.8.3 Prevention of hepatic encephalopathy 3 657 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.69 [0.34, 1.39]
3.9 Serious adverse events (extreme worst‐case) 7 1077 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.70 [0.47, 1.04]
3.9.1 Acute hepatic encephalopathy 3 393 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.65 [0.37, 1.14]
3.9.2 Chronic hepatic encephalopathy 1 27 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 4.67 [0.24, 88.96]
3.9.3 Prevention of hepatic encephalopathy 3 657 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.71 [0.35, 1.46]
3.10 Serious adverse events (best‐case) 7 1077 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.66 [0.45, 0.98]
3.10.1 Acute hepatic encephalopathy 3 393 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.65 [0.37, 1.14]
3.10.2 Chronic hepatic encephalopathy 1 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) Not estimable
3.10.3 Prevention of hepatic encephalopathy 3 657 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.68 [0.33, 1.40]
3.11 Serious adverse events (extreme best‐case) 7 1077 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.64 [0.44, 0.94]
3.11.1 Acute hepatic encephalopathy 3 393 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.65 [0.37, 1.14]
3.11.2 Chronic hepatic encephalopathy 1 27 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.19 [0.01, 3.56]
3.11.3 Prevention of hepatic encephalopathy 3 657 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.66 [0.32, 1.35]
3.12 Hepatic encephalopathy (worst‐case) 17 2333 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.58 [0.48, 0.70]
3.12.1 Acute hepatic encephalopathy 8 944 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.61 [0.45, 0.83]
3.12.2 Chronic hepatic encephalopathy 1 27 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.80 [0.36, 1.75]
3.12.3 Prevention of hepatic encephalopathy 8 1362 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.54 [0.42, 0.70]
3.13 Hepatic encephalopathy (extreme worst‐case) 17 2333 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.59 [0.49, 0.71]
3.13.1 Acute hepatic encephalopathy 8 944 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.61 [0.45, 0.83]
3.13.2 Chronic hepatic encephalopathy 1 27 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.11 [0.45, 2.78]
3.13.3 Prevention of hepatic encephalopathy 8 1362 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.54 [0.42, 0.70]
3.14 Hepatic encephalopathy (best‐case) 17 2333 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.58 [0.48, 0.71]
3.14.1 Acute hepatic encephalopathy 8 944 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.62 [0.45, 0.87]
3.14.2 Chronic hepatic encephalopathy 1 27 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.74 [0.25, 2.18]
3.14.3 Prevention of hepatic encephalopathy 8 1362 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.54 [0.42, 0.69]
3.15 Hepatic encephalopathy (extreme best‐case) 17 2333 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.57 [0.47, 0.68]
3.15.1 Acute hepatic encephalopathy 8 944 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.60 [0.45, 0.81]
3.15.2 Chronic hepatic encephalopathy 1 27 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.53 [0.20, 1.40]
3.15.3 Prevention of hepatic encephalopathy 8 1362 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.54 [0.42, 0.69]
3.16 Non‐serious adverse events 4 384 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.99 [0.86, 1.15]
3.16.1 Chronic hepatic encephalopathy 1 26 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.25 [0.03, 1.95]
3.16.2 Prevention of hepatic encephalopathy 3 358 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.00 [0.86, 1.16]
3.17 Blood ammonia 2 325 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐6.88 [‐14.78, 1.02]
3.17.1 Chronic hepatic encephalopathy 1 26 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐10.00 [‐22.32, 2.32]
3.17.2 Prevention of hepatic encephalopathy 1 299 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐4.70 [‐14.99, 5.59]
3.18 Blood ammonia (paired) 1 26 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐2.00 [‐11.50, 7.50]
3.18.1 Chronic hepatic encephalopathy 1 26 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐2.00 [‐11.50, 7.50]
3.19 Number Connection Test A 2 76 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.05 [‐1.28, 1.17]
3.19.1 Chronic hepatic encephalopathy 1 26 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.72 [‐1.51, 0.08]
3.19.2 Prevention of hepatic encephalopathy 1 50 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.54 [‐0.02, 1.11]
3.20 Number Connection Test A (paired) 1   Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) Totals not selected
3.20.1 Chronic hepatic encephalopathy 1   Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) Totals not selected
3.21 Length of hospital stay 3 408 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐2.86 [‐3.46, ‐2.26]
3.21.1 Acute hepatic encephalopathy 3 408 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐2.86 [‐3.46, ‐2.26]