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. 2023 Jul 7;14:1191787. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1191787

Figure 2.

Figure 2

FMOD and the complement system. (A) C1q recognizes immune complexes or FMOD and binds with them; complement inhibitor proteins FH and C4BP bind with FMOD; FMOD could be cleaved by MMP-13, IL-1, ADAMTS-4, ADAMTS-5, and its fragment binds with C1q. (B) FMOD binds to C1q resulting in the deposition of C4b and C3b to activate the classical pathway; FMOD activates the alternative pathway; FH acts as a cofactor for FI to prevent the formation of the C3 and C5 convertases and acceleration of C3b decay; C4BP acts as a cofactor for FI to prevent the formation of the classical C3 and C5 convertases; FMOD binds with C4BP to avoid the immune evasion of the pathogen and not influence the C4bP function; FMOD binds with FH to inhibit C5a and C9 depositions but increase iC3b. Created with BioRender.com.