TABLE 4.
Other outcomes of clinical pharmacy services for TB care management measured at the end of the intensive and continuation phases.
| Outcome | Clark et al. (2007) | Tang et al. (2018) | Venkatapraveen et al. (2012) | Karuniawati et al. (2019) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No education | Education | p-value | Usual care | Pharmaceutical care | p-value | No education | Education | No counseling and leaflet | Counseling | Counseling and leaflet | p-value | |
| Attendance | 29.30% | 53.60% | <0.01 | 61.00% | 81.00% | 0.018 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Isoniazid metabolites | 42.30% | 80.40% | <0.001 | 50.00% | 80.00% | 0.002 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Medication counting | 85.8% ± 9.4% | 88.7% ± 10.7% | - | 84.80% | 89.10% | 0.264 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Sputum conversion time (months) | - | - | - | 2.97 ± 2.21 | 2.78 ± 2.06 | 0.708 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Sputum conversion (percentage) | - | - | - | - | - | - | 43.86% | 80.71% | - | - | - | - |
| Adherence level | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 12 | 13 | 13 | <0.001 |
For “Attendance” and “Isoniazid metabolites” outcomes, the intervention group [education (Clark et al., 2007) or pharmaceutical care (Venkatapraveen et al., 2012)] provided higher values and significantly differed from the no education (Clark et al., 2007) or usual care group (Tang et al., 2018). However, it was not statistically significant for “Medication counting” (Clark et al., 2007; Tang et al., 2018). “Sputum conversion” also improved, although its significance was inconclusive (Venkatapraveen et al., 2012). The “Adherence level” was improved and was statistically significant (Karuniawati et al., 2019).