Table 2.
The characteristics of the included studies in the meta-analysis.
| References | Country | Study type | N (R/S) | Gender (M/F) | Population | Age (years) (R/S) | Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chen et al. (36) | China | Randomized, double-blind, sham rTMS controlled | 9/9 | 8/10 | SCA3 | 37.78 ± 9.28/ 41.78 ± 9.18 | ICARS |
| Franca et al. (37) | Brazil | Randomized, double-blind, sham rTMS controlled, cross-over | 24/24 | 8/16 | MSA-C = 8 PCS = 7 SCA 3 = 9 | 53.4 ± 11.2/ 44.5 ± 15.6 | SARA, ICARS, TUG |
| Kim et al. (38) | South Korea | Randomized, double-blind, sham rTMS controlled | 22/10 | 17/15 | PCS | 64.8 ± 11.7/ 67.4 ± 7.8 | 10 WMT, BBS |
| Manor et al. (39) | United States | Randomized, double-blind, sham rTMS controlled | 10/10 | 4/16 | SCA3 | 53 ± 9/49 ± 4 | SARA, TUG |
| Shiga (40) | Japan | Double-blind, sham rTMS controlled | 39/35 | 44/30 | SCA3 | 56.31 ± 12.24/ 58.83 ± 8.70 | 10 WMT |
| Song et al. (41) | China | Randomized, double-blind, sham rTMS controlled | 25/25 | 29/21 | MSA-c | 53.1 ± 8.1/ 53.2 ± 9.4 | SARA |
| Sikandar et al. (42) | China | Randomized, double-blind, sham rTMS controlled | 22/22 | 24/20 | SCA3 | 37.00 ± 9.27/ 41.84 ± 10.07 | SARA, ICARS, BBS |
| Zhou et al. (43) | China | Randomized, double-blind, sham rTMS controlled | 9/7 | 10/6 | SCA3 | 39.44 ± 10.10/ 40 ± 10.18 | SARA, ICARS |
| References | Figure of coil | Stimulation hemisphere of cerebellum | Target location | Frequency (Hz) | Intensity | Pulse/session | Duration (day) |
| Chen et al. (36) | F8 | Bilateral | 4 cm to the right of the inion, 4 cm to the left of the inion | 1 | 100% RMT | 900 pulses | One session/ day (15 total) |
| Franca et al. (37) | Double-cone | Contralateral | Dentate nucleus | 1 | 90% RMT | 1,200 pulses | One session/ day (5 total) |
| Kim et al. (38) | F8 | Ipsilateral | 2 cm below the inion and 2 cm lateral to the midline on the cerebellar hemisphere ipsilateral to the ataxia side | 1 | 100% RMT | 900 pulses | One session/ day (5 total) |
| Manor et al. (39) | C | Bilateral | 4 cm lateral to the right of the inion, 4 cm lateral to the left of the inion | 0.17 | 100% MSO | 30 pulses | One session/ day (20 total) |
| Shiga (40) | C | Bilateral | Over the inion, 4 cm lateral to the right and left of the inion | 0.17 | 100% MSO | 30 pulses | One session/ day (21 total) |
| Song et al. (41) | F8 | Bilateral | 1 cm inferior and 3 cm left/right to the inion | 50 | 80% RMT | 1,800 pulses | One session/ day (10 total) |
| Sikandar et al. (42) | C | Bilateral | 4 cm right of the inion, 4 cm lateral to the left of the inion | 1 | 100% RMT | 1,800 pulses | One session/ day (15 total) |
| Zhou et al. (43) | Double-cone | 3 targets | Beginning with the right cerebellum, followed by the vermis and the left cerebellum | 10 | 100% RMT | 2,400 pulses | One session/ day (10 total) |
R, real repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation group; S, sham stimulation group; M, male; F, female; SCA3, spinocerebellar ataxia type 3; MSA-c, multiple systems atrophy cerebellar type; PCS, posterior circulation stroke; SARA, Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia; ICARS, International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale; TUG, Timed Up-and-Go Test; 10 WMT, 10-m time, 10-m steps; BBS, The Berg Balance Scale; F8, figure of eight; C, circular; RMT, resting motor threshold; MSO, maximum stimulator output.