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. 2023 Jul 7;14:1196033. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1196033

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Monocyte-endothelial cell interactions locally release sprouting factors. (A) Hepatic staining of recruited monocytes (CD14, in red) enhancing the local expression of sprouting-related factors Wnt5a, Notch1, and Ang-1 (in green) in contact points of vessels (in yellow) in portal areas 16 hours post-hepatectomy. (B) Signals released by resident macrophages (KCs) recruit monocytes to selected areas driving the sprouting and angiogenic process. KCs deliver MCP-1 to blood stream and TNF-α towards nearby ECs to promote the expression of ICAM-1, which recruit monocytes and allow phosphorylation of the interendothelial VE-cadherin allowing monocyte migration throughout the vessel where they locally deliver sprouting factors (Notch1, Ang-1, and Wnt5a). Images reprinted with permission from “Melgar-Lesmes, P.; et al. Monocyte-endothelial cell interactions in the regulation of vascular sprouting and liver regeneration in mouse. J Hepatol. 2015;63 (4):917-25. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2015.05.011”.