Table 3.

Novel therapies to modulate monocytes and MDM.

Treatment	Target cell	Disease	Treatment strategy	Reference
Chondroitin sulfate (CS)	ECs Monocytes and macrophages	Atherosclerosis	Disruption of the propagation of inflammation	(193)
Prostaglandins Anti-diabetic thiazolidinediones	Macrophages	Atherosclerosis	Stimulation of the M2-like macrophage phenotype	(197)
NPs with siRNA against LDL scavenger receptors	Macrophages	Atherosclerosis	Reduction of LDL accumulation	(198, 199)
NPs with Liver-x-receptor ligand	Macrophages	Atherosclerosis	Reduction of LDL accumulation	(198, 199)
NPs with siRNA against CCR2	Macrophages	Atherosclerosis	Reduction of monocyte recruitment	(200, 201)
NPs with siRNA against Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase γ	Macrophages	Atherosclerosis	Enhancement of macrophage efferocytosis	(202)
PLGA-NPs with SYK pathway inhibitor	Macrophages	Steatohepatitis	Inhibition of inflammatory pathways	(203)
Liposomes loaded with dexamethasone	Macrophages	Acute and chronic liver diseases	Induction of anti-inflammation	(204)
Dendrimer-graphene nanostars with PPAR-γ agonist GW1929	Macrophages	Hepatic fibrosis	Reduce Hepatic inflammation and fibrosis	(205)
Nanostructured lipid carriers containing curcumin	Macrophages	Hepatic fibrosis	Reduction of hepatic inflammation	(206)
Dendrimer-graphene nanostars containing cDNA MMP9	Macrophages	Hepatic fibrosis	Local digestion of collagen fibers	(207)
CXCR4-targeted lipid-coated PLGA NPs with sorafenib and AMD3100	TAM	Hepatocellular carcinoma	Reduction of M2-like macrophage polarization and TAMs infiltration	(208)
NPs with mRNA encoding BisCCL2/5i	TAM	Hepatocellular carcinoma	Induction of macrophages polarization to antitumoral M1-like subtype	(209)