Table 1.
Baseline characteristics between study participants with and without hypertension
| Variables | Total | Non-Hypertension | Hypertension | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Continuous Variables, mean ± standard deviation | ||||
| Number | 8,610 | 7,464 (86.69) | 1,146 (13.31) | |
| Age (year) | 46.74 ± 8.17 | 45.83 ± 7.84 | 52.65 ± 7.74 | < 0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.33 ± 4.65 | 27.14 ± 4.61 | 28.55 ± 4.72 | < 0.001 |
| VFA (cm2) | 120.10 ± 51.58 | 117.67 ± 51.13 | 135.91 ± 51.72 | < 0.001 |
| PBF | 33.45 ± 9.54 | 33.06 ± 9.57 | 36.01 ± 8.93 | < 0.001 |
| WC (cm) | 96.86 ± 10.53 | 96.42 ± 10.42 | 99.71 ± 10.79 | < 0.001 |
| FBS (mg/dl) | 90.28 ± 9.72 | 89.93 ± 9.51 | 92.59 ± 10.71 | < 0.001 |
| LDL (mg/dl) | 111.98 ± 30.68 | 111.30 ± 30.62 | 116.37 ± 30.72 | < 0.001 |
| HDL (mg/dl) | 46.58 ± 11.32 | 46.62 ± 11.35 | 46.35 ± 11.15 | 0.471 |
| TG (mg/dl) | 132.83 ± 76.46 | 130.60 ± 74.10 | 147.34 ± 89.05 | < 0.001 |
| TC (mg/dl) | 185.10 ± 36.88 | 184.02 ± 36.76 | 191.97 ± 36.88 | < 0.001 |
| TyG index | 8.56 ± 0.53 | 8.54 ± 0.53 | 8.68 ± 0.52 | < 0.001 |
| TyG-BMI | 234.63 ± 45.86 | 232.49 ± 45.43 | 248.62 ± 46.18 | < 0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 107.48 ± 16.74 | 103.97 ± 12.47 | 130.36 ± 22.10 | < 0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 69.53 ± 9.79 | 67.68 ± 7.85 | 81.59 ± 2.32 | < 0.001 |
| Categorical Variables, n (%) | ||||
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 4176 (48.50) | 3661 (49.05) | 515 (44.94) | 0.010 |
| Female | 4434 (51.50) | 3803 (50.95) | 631 (55.06) | |
| Socioeconomic status | ||||
| 1(lowest) | 2837 (32.96) | 2382 (31.92) | 455 (39.70) | < 0.001 |
| 2 | 2855 (33.17) | 2496 (33.45) | 359 (31.33) | |
| 3(Highest) | 2916 (33.88) | 2584 (34.63) | 332 (28.97) | |
| Physical activity (Met/h/day) | ||||
| Low (24-36.5) | 2537 (29.47) | 2160 (28.94) | 377 (32.90) | 0.020 |
| Moderate (36.6–44.9) | 4085 (47.44) | 3551 (47.58) | 534 (46.60) | |
| Vigorous (≥ 45) | 1988 (23.09) | 1753 (23.49) | 235 (20.51) | |
| Residency | ||||
| Urban | 5115 (59.41) | 4448 (59.59) | 667 (58.20) | 0.372 |
| Rural | 3495 (40.59) | 3016 (40.41) | 479 (41.80) | |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Never | 6853 (79.96) | 5956 (80.16) | 897 (78.68) | < 0.001 |
| Current | 1021 (11.91) | 914 (12.30) | 107 (9.39) | |
| Former | 696 (8.12) | 560 (7.54) | 136 (11.93) | |
| Drinking status | ||||
| No | 8184 (95.05) | 7084 (86.56) | 1100 (13.44) | 0.117 |
| Yes | 426 (4.95) | 380 (89.20) | 46 (10.80) | |
Data are shown mean ± SD for continuous variables and n (%) categorical variables.
*P- value was obtained t-test Chi – square test
Abbreviation: BMI: Body mass index, HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TG: Triglycerides, T-C: Total cholesterol, FBS: Fasting blood sugar, Q: quartile, VFA: Visceral fat area, PBF: Percent body fat, SBP: Systolic blood pressure, DBP: Diastolic blood pressure, TyG: Triglyceride glucose-body