Table 2.
List of all environmental exposures studied
| Type of exposure | Exposures pregnancy (N) | Exposures measured during pregnancy | Exposures childhood (N) | Exposures measured during childhood (6–11 years) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| URBAN EXPOSOME | ||||
| Outdoor air pollution | 4 | NO2, PM10. PM2.5, PM2.5 absorbance | 7 | NO2 (home, school), PM10 (home), PM2.5 (home, school), PM2.5 absorbance (home, school) |
| Indoor air pollution | 0 | 5 | NO2, PM2.5, PM absorbance, Benzene, TEX | |
| Meteorology | 3 | Temperature, humidity, pressure | 3 | Temperature, humidity, UV-vit D |
| Surrounding natural spaces | 3 | NDVI, presence of a major greenspace and bluespace | 6 | NDVI (home, school), presence of a major greenspace (home, school) and bluespace (home, school) |
| Built environment | 7 | Population density, building density, street connectivity, accessibility, facility richness, walkability, land use index | 16 | Population density (home, school), building density (home, school), street connectivity (home, school), accessibility (home, school), facility richness (home, school), facility density (home, school), walkability (home, school), land use index (home, school) |
| Road traffic | 3 | Traffic load on all roads, traffic density on nearest road, inverse distance to nearest road | 6 | Traffic load on all roads (home, school), traffic density on nearest road (home, school), inverse distance to nearest road (home, school) |
| Water DBPs | 3 | THMs, brominated THMs, chloroform | 0 | |
| LIFESTYLE | ||||
| Tobacco | 2 | Active and passive smoking | 2 | Child exposure to smoke (ETS) and parental smoking |
| Diet | 3 | Specific food intake: meat, fish, cereal | 20 | KIDMED score, fast-food visits, organic food, specific food intake: sweets, meat, processed meat, fish, yogurt, sodas, bread, breakfast cereals, potatoes, vegetables, dairy, fruits, cereal, bakery products, lipids, caffeinated drinks |
| Sleep | 0 | 1 | Average sleep | |
| Physical activity | 0 | 2 | Moderate/vigorous activity, sedentary time | |
| Allergens | 0 | 1 | Pet | |
| Socio-economic | 1 | House crowding | 3 | Family Affluence Score (FAS), family contact, participation in organizations |
| CHEMICAL EXPOSOME | ||||
| Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) | 5 | PFHxS, PFOS, PFOA, PFNA, PFUnDA | 4 | PFHxS, PFOS, PFOA, PFNA |
| Brominated compounds (PBDEs) | 0 | 1 | PBDE 47 | |
| Metal and essential elements | 1 | Hg | 10 | Hg, Cd, Pb, Cs, Cu, Mn, Co, Mo, Tl, Se |
| Phthalates | 6 | MEP, MiBP, MnBP, MBzP, DEHPb, DiNPc | 6 | MEP, MiBP, MnBP, MBzP, DEHPb, DiNPc |
| Phenols | 5 | PRPA, BUPA, BPA, OXBE, TCS | 6 | MEPA, ETPA, BUPA, BPA, OXBE, TCS |
| Organochlorine pesticides (OCs) | 3 | PCBa, DDE, HCB | 3 | PCBa, DDE, HCB |
| Organophosphate (OP) metabolites | 3 | DMP, DMTP, DEP | 2 | DMTP, DEP |
| Tobacco | 1 | Cotinine | 1 | Cotinine |
BPA Bisphenol-A, BUPA Butyl-paraben, Cd Cadmium, Co cobalt, Cu copper, DDE Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene, DEHP Di EthylhexylPhthalate, DEP Diethyl phosphate, DMP Dimethyl phosphate, DMTP Dimethyl thiophosphate, ETPA Ethyl-paraben, HCB Hexachlorobenzene, Hg Mercury, KIDMED Mediterranean diet in children, MBzP Mono benzyl phthalate, DiNP Diisononyl phthalate, MEP Monoethyl phthalate, MEPA Methyl-paraben, Mo Molybdenum, MiBP Mono-iso butyl phthalate, NDVI Normalized difference vegetation index, NO2 Nitrogen dioxide, OCs organochlorine compound, OP organophosphate pesticide, OXBE Oxybenzone, Pb Plomb, PBDE Polybrominated diphenyl ether, PCB Polychlorobiphenyls, PFASs per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance, PFHxS Perfluorohexane sulfonate, PFNA Perfluorononanoate, PFOA Perfluorooctanoate, PFOS Perfluorooctane sulfonate, PFUNDA Perfluoroundecanoate, PM Particulate matter, PRPA Propyl-paraben, Se Selenium, Tl Thalium, TRCS Triclosan, UV-Vit. D Vitamin-D dose from ultraviolet
aPregnancy: PCB138 + PCB153 + PCB 180. Childhood: PCB118 + PCB 138 + PCB153 + PCB170 + PCB180
bDEHP: molar sum of MEHP, MEHHP, MEOHP and MECPP
cDiNP: molar sum of oxo-MiNP and oh-MiNP