Table 4.

Similarities and differences in treatment responses between TTH and migraine for non-pharmacological approaches

	TTH	Migraine
Acupuncture	Medication use ↓	Headache intensity ↓ (Epis., Chr.) Headache days ↓ (Epis., Chr.)
Aerobic Exercise	Headache duration ↓ Disability ↓ Quality of Life ­↑ Psychological well-being ­↑	Headache intensity ↓ (8–12 weeks) Headache frequency ↓ Headache duration ↓ (8–12 weeks) Medication use v (12 weeks) Disability ↓ Quality of Life ­↑ Psychological well-being ­↑
Strengthening Exercise	Headache intensity ↓ (3 weeks-3 months)	Headache frequency ↓
Cranio-cervical Exercises	Headache duration ↓ (6 weeks) Medication use ↓ (6 weeks)	Disability ↓ Neck Muscle performance ­↑
Stretching Exercise	Headache frequency ↓ (6 weeks)	Headache frequency ↓
Trigger Point Therapy	Headache intensity ↓	Not clear
Manuel Therapy	Monthly headache days ↓ Headache duration ↓	Quality of Life ↑
Spinal Manipulative Treatment	Headache intensity ↓ (6 weeks) (Chr.) Headache frequency ↓ (6 weeks) (Chr.) Medication use ↓ (6 weeks) (Chr.) Functional well-being ↑ (Chr.)	Headache intensity ↓ Migraine days ↓
Mixed Physical Therapy	Headache intensity ↓ (TENS, Massage, Coldpack) Muscle sensitivity ↓ (TENS, Massage, Coldpack) Headache intensity ↓ (Physical therapy + Craniocervical exercises) Headache frequency ↓ (Physical therapy + Craniocervical exercises)	Headache frequency ↓ (Diaphragm training + Cervical mobilization + Massage + Myofascial release + Trigger Point + Passive stretch + Medications)
	Headache duration ↓ (Physical therapy + Craniocervical exercises)
Neuromodulation Treatment	Headache intensity ↓ Quality of Life ­↑	Monthly headache days ↓ Headache duration ↓ Medication use ↓
Psychological Treatment	Headache frequency ↓ Disability ↓	Headache intensity ↓ Headache duration ↓ Disability ↓ Quality of Life ­↑
Biofeedback	Headache frequency ↓	Headache frequency ↓
Diet	Low-fat diet	Low-fat diet

TENS Transcuteneous electric nerve stimulation