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. 2023 Jul 7;14:1164851. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1164851

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Copyright © 2023 Zhang, Shen, Wang, Fan, Wang, Wuri, Zhang, He, Zhang, Liu, Liao, Zhang, Li and Zhang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Fan inhibits autophagic flux. (A–C) Various concentrations of Fan were used to treat IPEC-J2 cells for 24 h. The cells were then harvested, and Western blotting was used to quantify the levels of autophagy markers LC3II and P62. (D–F) Fan at 10 μM was used to treat IPEC-J2 at different times, followed by Western blotting analysis of LC3II and P62. (G, H) IPEC-J2 cells were treated with 10 μM Fan, with or without 0.1 μM wortmannin for 24 h. The cells were then harvested, followed by Western blotting analysis of LC3II and P62. Wort, wortmannin. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; and ***P < 0.001 indicate significant differences vs. the control group.