Table 2.
Demographics at the time of initial COVID-19 admission split by whether respondents have communication or cognitive issues at visit 1 or visit 2
| Visit 1 cognitive issues | Visit 2 cognitive issues | Visit 1 communication issues | Visit 2 communication issues | ||||||||||
| No | Yes | P value | No | Yes | P value | No | Yes | P value | No | Yes | P value | ||
| N (%) | 677 (29.8%) | 1598 (70.2%) | 537 (30.4%) | 1231 (69.6%) | 1748 (76.8%) | 527 (23.2%) | 1372 (77.5%) | 399 (22.5%) | |||||
| Age at admission (years) | Median* (IQR) | 60 (49–68) | 58 (50–66) | 0.976 | 60 (50–68) | 60 (52–68) | 0.361 | 60 (51–68) | 56 (49–63) | <0.001 | 61 (52.5–69) | 57 (51–64) | <0.001 |
| Under 40 | 64 (9.5%) | 118 (7.4%) | 0.002 | 49 (9.1%) | 68 (5.5%) | 0.102 | 142 (8.1%) | 40 (7.6%) | <0.001 | 86 (6.3%) | 31 (7.8%) | <0.001 | |
| 40–49 | 106 (15.7%) | 252 (15.8%) | 74 (13.8%) | 159 (12.9%) | 262 (15.0%) | 96 (18.2%) | 172 (12.5%) | 61 (15.3%) | |||||
| 50–59 | 158 (23.3%) | 494 (30.9%) | 143 (26.6%) | 368 (29.9%) | 451 (25.8%) | 201 (38.1%) | 362 (26.4%) | 151 (37.8%) | |||||
| 60–69 | 203 (30.0%) | 461 (28.8%) | 163 (30.4%) | 378 (30.7%) | 528 (30.2%) | 136 (25.8%) | 432 (31.5%) | 110 (27.6%) | |||||
| 70–79 | 119 (17.6%) | 225 (14.1%) | 91 (16.9%) | 214 (17.4%) | 299 (17.1%) | 45 (8.5%) | 265 (19.3%) | 38 (9.5%) | |||||
| 80 and over | 27 (4.0%) | 48 (3.0%) | 17 (2.2%) | 44 (3.6%) | 66 (3.8%) | 9 (1.7%) | 55 (4.0%) | 8 (2.0%) | |||||
| Sex | Female | 186 (27.5%) | 699 (43.7%) | <0.001 | 140 (26.1%) | 525 (42.6%) | <0.001 | 631 (36.1%) | 254 (48.2%) | <0.001 | 490 (35.7%) | 177 (44.4%) | 0.002 |
| Male | 491 (72.5%) | 899 (56.3%) | 397 (73.9%) | 706 (57.4%) | 1117 (63.9%) | 273 (51.8%) | 882 (64.3%) | 222 (55.6%) | |||||
| Ethnicity | White | 458 (67.7%) | 1243 (77.8%) | <0.001 | 382 (71.1%) | 980 (79.6%) | <0.001 | 1297 (74.2%) | 405 (76.9%) | 0.629 | 1060 (77.3%) | 304 (76.2%) | 0.404 |
| South Asian | 103 (15.2%) | 153 (9.6%) | 69 (12.8%) | 92 (7.5%) | 203 (11.6%) | 53 (10.1%) | 126 (9.2%) | 35 (8.8%) | |||||
| Black | 61 (9.0%) | 99 (6.2%) | 44 (8.2%) | 78 (6.3%) | 123 (7.0%) | 36 (6.8%) | 98 (7.1%) | 25 (6.3%) | |||||
| Other† | 55 (8.1%) | 103 (6.4%) | 42 (7.8%) | 81 (6.6%) | 125 (7.2%) | 33 (6.3%) | 88 (6.4%) | 35 (8.8%) | |||||
| BMI | Under/Normal weight | 68 (10.0%) | 137 (8.6%) | <0.001 | 61 (11.4%) | 85 (6.9%) | <0.001 | 166 (9.5%) | 39 (7.4%) | 119 (8.7%) | 27 (6.8%) | 0.047 | |
| Overweight | 197 (29.1%) | 390 (24.4%) | 163 (30.4%) | 285 (23.2%) | 456 (26.1%) | 131 (24.9%) | 0.259 | 365 (26.6%) | 83 (20.8%) | ||||
| Obese | 231 (34.1%) | 611 (38.2%) | 176 (32.8%) | 460 (37.4%) | 645 (36.9%) | 196 (37.2%) | 487 (35.5%) | 150 (37.6%) | |||||
| Severe obesity | 45 (6.6%) | 191 (12.0%) | 27 (5.0%) | 122 (9.9%) | 170 (9.7%) | 66 (12.5%) | 110 (8.0%) | 40 (10.0%) | |||||
| Not recorded | 136 (20.1%) | 269 (16.8%) | 110 (20.5%) | 279 (22.7%) | 311 (17.8%) | 95 (18.0%) | 291 (21.2%) | 99 (24.8%) | |||||
| IMD quintile‡ | 1—most deprived | 142 (21.0%) | 388 (24.3%) | 0.149 | 100 (18.6%) | 300 (24.4%) | <0.001 | 390 (22.3%) | 140 (26.6%) | 0.010 | 308 (22.4%) | 95 (23.8%) | 0.020 |
| 2 | 162 (23.9%) | 367 (23.0%) | 110 (20.5%) | 275 (22.3%) | 390 (22.3%) | 135 (25.6%) | 276 (20.1%) | 108 (27.1%) | |||||
| 3 | 132 (19.5%) | 265 (16.6%) | 100 (18.6%) | 220 (17.9%) | 300 (17.2%) | 95 (18.0%) | 250 (18.2%) | 65 (16.3%) | |||||
| 4 | 110 (16.2%) | 274 (17.1%) | 100 (18.6%) | 220 (17.9%) | 320 (18.3%) | 65 (12.3%) | 262 (19.1%) | 59 (14.8%) | |||||
| 5—least deprived | 123 (18.2%) | 296 (18.5%) | 125 (23.3%) | 215 (17.5%) | 330 (18.9%) | 90 (17.1%) | 269 (19.6%) | 72 (18.0%) | |||||
| Unknown | 8 (1.2%) | 8 (0.5%) | § | § | § | § | 7 (0.5%) | 0 | |||||
| Educational level | None | 14 (2.1%) | 46 (2.9%) | <0.001 | 10 (1.9%) | 34 (2.8%) | 0.008 | 44 (2.5%) | 16 (3.0%) | 0.009 | 36 (2.6%) | 9 (2.3%) | 0.020 |
| Primary school | 14 (2.1%) | 40 (2.5%) | 10 (1.9%) | 26 (2.1%) | 43 (2.5%) | 11 (2.1%) | 30 (2.2%) | 6 (1.5%) | |||||
| Secondary school | 166 (24.5%) | 511 (32.0%) | 161 (30.0%) | 393 (31.9%) | 519 (29.7%) | 159 (30.2%) | 429 (31.3%) | 126 (31.6%) | |||||
| Sixth form college | 97 (14.3%) | 198 (12.4%) | 63 (11.7%) | 161 (13.1%) | 225 (12.9%) | 70 (13.3%) | 159 (11.6%) | 65 (16.3%) | |||||
| Vocational qualification | 65 (9.6%) | 204 (12.8%) | 50 (9.3%) | 165 (13.4%) | 185 (10.6%) | 84 (15.9%) | 157 (11.4%) | 59 (14.8%) | |||||
| Undergraduate | 142 (21.0%) | 258 (16.1%) | 106 (19.7%) | 198 (16.1%) | 329 (18.8%) | 70 (13.3%) | 255 (18.6%) | 49 (12.3%) | |||||
| Postgraduate | 109 (16.1%) | 197 (12.3%) | 95 (17.7%) | 149 (12.1%) | 242 (13.8%) | 64 (12.1%) | 193 (14.1%) | 51 (12.8%) | |||||
| Unknown | 70 (10.3%) | 144 (9.0%) | 42 (7.8%) | 105 (8.5%) | 161 (9.2%) | 53 (10.1%) | 113 (8.2%) | 34 (8.5%) | |||||
| Healthcare worker | 84 (12.4%) | 238 (14.9%) | 0.252 | 70 (13.0%) | 180 (14.6%) | 0.210 | 230 (13.2%) | 91 (17.3%) | 0.010 | 186 (13.6%) | 64 (16.0%) | 0.452 | |
| Shielding status prior to admission | Not | 464 (68.5%) | 988 (61.8%) | <0.001 | 377 (70.2%) | 750 (60.9%) | 0.001 | 1142 (65.3%) | 309 (58.6%) | 0.001 | 884 (64.4%) | 244 (61.2%) | 0.091 |
| Voluntary shielding | 112 (16.5%) | 284 (17.8%) | 91 (16.9%) | 226 (18.4%) | 309 (17.7%) | 88 (16.7%) | 253 (18.4%) | 65 (16.3%) | |||||
| Extremely vulnerable | 24 (3.5%) | 99 (6.2%) | 21 (3.9%) | 79 (6.4%) | 83 (4.7%) | 40 (7.6%) | 75 (5.5%) | 26 (6.5%) | |||||
| Letter issued by HCP | 24 (3.5%) | 121 (7.6%) | 22 (4.1%) | 91 (7.4%) | 96 (5.5%) | 49 (9.3%) | 77 (5.6%) | 36 (9.0%) | |||||
| Unknown | 53 (7.8%) | 106 (6.6%) | 26 (4.8%) | 85 (6.9%) | 118 (6.8%) | 41 (7.8%) | 83 (6.0%) | 28 (7.0%) | |||||
Unless otherwise specified, numbers are shown as counts (percentages) and p values have been calculated using χ2 test; 70% of respondents at both visits 1 and 2 reported cognitive issues, and 23% of respondents reported communication issues. There did not appear to be significant difference in the proportion of patients who reported problems by whether or not they were healthcare workers. For communication issues, there did not appear to be any significant difference based on ethnicity or BMI.
*P value calculated using Kruskal-Wallis, p<0.05 are bolded.
†Includes mixed and unknown.
‡Where numbers could be calculated, the other values have been rounded to the nearest 5 and % calculated on this new value.
§Numbers ≤5 have been suppressed.
BMI, body mass index; HCP, healthcare professional; IMD, indices of multiple deprivation.