Table 3.

Comparison of the proposed Combined Sewing Training-Based Optimization algorithm with the other methods under consideration.

Function	Algorithms
	WHO [31]		WHO [31]		AOA [32]
	Mean	STD	Mean	STD	Mean	STD
$F_1$	6.23 E−8	10.92E−8	5.52 E−9	9.38–9	4.95 E−10	6.83E-10
$F_2$	10.59E−5	12.83E−5	15.41E−6	18.81E−6	13.55 E−7	15.93E-7
$F_3$	1.83	1.59	1.78	1.33	1.16	1.096
$F_4$	8.14E−5	3.025E−5	5.003E−6	8.025E−6	6.083E-7	8.015E-7
$F_5$	−275.38	58.59	−315.34	48.8	−3982.64	43.01
$F_6$	9.98E−9	14.93–9	23.83E-9	32.58E-9	10.88E-10	8.92E-10

Function	Algorithms
	STBO [27]		CSTBO
	Mean	STD	Mean	STD
$F_1$	5.69 E−11	8.49E−11	6.91 E−12	9.27E-12
$F_2$	12.71 E−7	14.74E−7	11.38E−8	12.39E-8
$F_3$	1.059	0.91	0.83	0.12
$F_4$	18.082E−7	20.009E−7	3.048E−8	7.011E-8
$F_5$	−352.89	40.23	−386.81	26.12
$F_6$	11.06 E−11	19.005E−11	8.49 E−12	12.28E-12