Table 4.

Attributing effects to additive interaction between loneliness and low degree of risk factor control on cardiovascular risk

Cardiovascular disease
Main effects
Per addition decreases in risk factor control	1.14 (1.09, 1.19)
Loneliness	0.97 (0.69, 1.35)
Joint effect	1.26 (1.02, 1.50)
Relative excess risk due to interaction	0.11 (0.03, 0.18)
P-value	0.005
Attributable proportion, %	8.48 (4.20, 12.77)

Models are adjusted for sex, age, race, Townsend deprivation index, diabetes duration, diabetes complications, type of diabetes, family history of cardiovascular disease, body mass index, the use of diabetes medication, cholesterol-lowering medication, antihypertensive medication, physical activity, healthy diet score, moderate drinking, and depression score.