Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants by category of PURE healthy diet score in a general population (PURE; n = 147 642) a
| Overall | PURE Healthy Diet Score, quintile category | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | ||
| Numbers | 147 642 | 25 996 | 34 952 | 33 442 | 28 133 | 25 119 |
| Median diet score (range) | 3 (0–6) | 1 (0–1) | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 (5–6) |
| Age, years | 50.6 ± 9.8 | 49.8 ± 10.0 | 50.3 ± 10.0 | 50.7 ± 9.8 | 51.0 ± 9.7 | 51.3 ± 9.6 |
| % women | 85 852 (58.2) | 15 444 (59.4) | 20 723 (59.3) | 19 355 (57.9) | 15 951 (56.7) | 14 379 (57.2) |
| % urban | 78 455 (53.1) | 8877 (34.2) | 15 642 (44.8) | 18 424 (55.1) | 17 915 (63.7) | 17 597 (70.1) |
| Country income region | ||||||
| Low-income country | 33 033 | 9498 (28.8) | 12 273 (37.2) | 6758 (20.5) | 2836 (8.6) | 1668 (5.1) |
| Middle-income country | 97 503 | 15 742 (16.1) | 20 998 (21.5) | 23 574 (24.2) | 20 811 (21.3) | 16 378 (16.8) |
| High-income country | 17 106 | 756 (4.4) | 1681 (9.8) | 3110 (18.2) | 4486 (26.2) | 7073 (41.4) |
| Geographic regions | ||||||
| North America/Europe | 15 650 | 839 (5.4) | 1757 (11.2) | 2883 (18.4) | 3916 (25.0) | 6255 (40.0) |
| South America | 23 634 | 4636 (19.6) | 4914 (20.8) | 5000 (21.2) | 5018 (21.2) | 4066 (17.2) |
| Middle East | 14 302 | 830 (5.8) | 1852 (13.0) | 3357 (23.5) | 3769 (26.4) | 4494 (31.4) |
| South Asia | 30 491 | 9280 (30.4) | 11 952 (39.2) | 6280 (20.6) | 2303 (7.6) | 676 (2.2) |
| China | 45 197 | 6211 (13.7) | 10 322 (22.8) | 11 753 (26.0) | 9602 (21.2) | 7309 (16.2) |
| Southeast Asia | 12 278 | 2058 (16.8) | 3103 (25.3) | 3148 (25.6) | 2757 (22.5) | 1212 (9.9) |
| Africa | 6090 | 2142 (35.2) | 1052 (17.3) | 1021 (16.8) | 768 (12.6) | 1107 (18.2) |
| Education | ||||||
| None or primary | 62 915 (42.7) | 16 670 (64.5) | 16 756 (48.1) | 13 294 (39.9) | 9453 (33.7) | 6742 (26.9) |
| Secondary/high/higher secondary | 55 767 (37.9) | 7394 (28.6) | 13 599 (39.0) | 13 944 (41.8) | 11 681 (41.6) | 9149 (36.5) |
| Trade or College/University | 28 586 (19.4) | 1799 (7.0) | 4499 (12.9) | 6121 (18.4) | 6957 (24.8) | 9210 (36.7) |
| Wealth index, median (IQR)b | 0.11 (−0.73 to 0.76) | −0.67 (−1.51 to 0.22) | −0.22 (−1.02 to 0.45) | 0.10 (−0.57 to 0.72) | 0.39 (−0.22 to 1.01) | 0.73 (0.14–1.31) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 25.8 ± 5.3 | 24.8 ± 5.7 | 25.3 ± 5.3 | 26.0 ± 5.0 | 26.4 ± 5.0 | 26.8 ± 5.0 |
| Waist to hip ratio | 0.874 ± 0.085 | 0.866 ± 0.089 | 0.873 ± 0.085 | 0.878 ± 0.083 | 0.878 ± 0.083 | 0.876 ± 0.085 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 131.3 ± 22.4 | 130.4 ± 23.4 | 131.5 ± 22.5 | 132.2 ± 22.4 | 131.7 ± 22.5 | 130.6 ± 21.1 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 81.9 ± 15.4 | 81.8 ± 14.4 | 81.9 ± 13.6 | 82.2 ± 15.6 | 82.1 ± 16.3 | 81.7 ± 17.2 |
| Current smoker | 30 220 (20.6) | 6486 (25.2) | 7627 (22.0) | 6730 (20.3) | 5384 (19.3) | 3993 (16.0) |
| Alcohol | ||||||
| Never | 102 384 (69.7) | 19 213 (74.6) | 26 132 (75.2) | 23 359 (70.2) | 18 667 (66.6) | 15 013 (60.0) |
| Former | 6548 (4.5) | 1073 (4.2) | 1299 (3.7) | 1629 (4.9) | 1387 (5.0) | 1160 (4.6) |
| Current | 37 911 (25.8) | 5471 (21.2) | 7312 (21.1) | 8289 (24.9) | 7977 (28.5) | 8862 (35.4) |
| Physical activity | ||||||
| Low | 24 942 (18.1) | 5020 (21.5) | 6302 (19.8) | 5987 (18.9) | 4588 (17.0) | 3045 (12.8) |
| Moderate | 51 911 (37.7) | 7788 (33.3) | 11 816 (37.2) | 12 413 (39.2) | 10 628 (39.4) | 9266 (38.8) |
| High | 60 895 (44.2) | 10 595 (45.3) | 13 678 (43.0) | 13 304 (42.0) | 11 762 (43.6) | 11 556 (48.4) |
| Diabetes, self-reported or on glucose lowering medication or fasting glucose ≥ 7 mmol/L | 16 193 (11.1) | 2151 (8.3) | 4080 (11.7) | 3954 (11.8) | 3282 (11.7) | 2726 (10.9) |
| Hypertension, self-reported or on BP lowering medication or BP ≥ 140/90 mm Hg | 56 808 (40.8) | 9390 (38.7) | 13 249 (40.4) | 13 534 (42.7) | 11 061 (41.9) | 9574 (39.8) |
| Cardiovascular disease | 7594 (5.2) | 1242 (4.8%) | 1565 (4.5) | 1758 (5.3) | 1614 (5.7) | 1415 (5.6) |
| Cancer | 2312 (1.6) | 285 (1.1) | 378 (1.1) | 490 (1.5) | 500 (1.8) | 659 (2.6) |
| Blood pressure lowering medications | 21 201 (14.4) | 2745 (10.6%) | 4313 (12.3) | 5001 (15.0) | 4748 (16.9) | 4394 (17.5) |
| Statin medications | 4881 (3.3) | 378 (1.5%) | 730 (2.1) | 1103 (3.3) | 1232 (4.4) | 1438 (5.7) |
| Energy intake, kcals per day | 2147 ± 818 | 1676 ± 705 | 1996 ± 741 | 2163 ± 771 | 2332 ± 769 | 2617 ± 822 |
Values are mean ± SD or n (%).
Wealth index is based on information collected on household possessions such as electricity, car, computer, television, phone, etc.25,26.
Physical activity categories are low, < 600; moderate, 600–3000; and high, > 3000 metabolic equivalent of task per minute per week.