Table 2.
Baseline blood lipid and lipoprotein levels, outcomes, and study design
| Reference, year | Baseline TC, mmol/L (combined mean) | Baseline LDL-C, mmol/L (combined mean) | Baseline TG, mmol/L (combined mean) | Baseline apoB, mg/dL (combined mean) | CI | Effect on TC (yes/no) | Effect on LDL-C (yes/no) | Effect on TG (yes/no) | Effect on apoB (yes/no) | Report of changed lipid-lowering therapy [yes (E/C)/no] | Design | Outcome analysis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cooper et al., 198217 | 4.1 | 0.7 | 57.5 | 95% | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | CO | PP | ||
| Kestin et al., 198918 | 6.1 | 4.1 | 1.3 | 95% | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | CO | PP | ||
| Ornish et al., 199019 | 6.1 | 4.1 | 2.4 | 104 | 95% | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | PL | PP |
| Ling et al., 199220 | 5.6 | 3.7 | 1.2 | 87.5 | 95% | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | NR | PL | PP |
| Ornish et al., 199821 | 6.1 | 4.0 | 5.9 | 101.2 | 95% | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | PL | ITT |
| Nicholson et al., 199922 | 5.4 | 2.2 | 95% | Yes | Yes | No | PL | PP | ||||
| Barnard et al., 200023 | 4.2 | 2.5 | 0.9 | 95% | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | CO | PP | ||
| Ågren et al., 200124 | 4.9 | 3.3 | 1.2 | 95% | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | PL | PP | ||
| Gardner et al., 200525 | 5.8 | 3.9 | 1.5 | 95% | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | PL | PP | ||
| Barnard et al., 200626 | 5.0 | 2.9 | 1.8 | 95% | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes (10/9) | PL | ITT | ||
| Burke et al., 200627 | 5.3 | 3.2 | 1.5 | 95% | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes (4/2) | PL | ITT | ||
| de Mello et al., 200628 | 5.3 | 3.4 | 1.6 | 95% | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | CO | PP | ||
| Aldana et al., 200729 | 4.4 | 2.4 | 1.8 | 95% | Yes | Yes | Yes | NR | PL | ITT | ||
| Burke et al., 200730 | 5.3 | 1.5 | 95% | Yes | Yes | No | PL | ITT | ||||
| Elkan et al., 200831 | 5.0 | 3.1 | 1.1 | 95% | Yes | Yes | No | No | PL | PP | ||
| Barnard et al., 200932 | 5.0 | 2.9 | 1.3 | 95% | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes (n subjects NR) | PL | ITT | ||
| Miller et al., 200933 | 4.8 | 2.8 | 0.9 | 80.7 | 95% | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | CO | PP |
| Kahleova et al., 201134 | 4.3 | 2.6 | 2.1 | 95% | Yes | Yes | Yes | NR | PL | ITT | ||
| Mishra et al., 201335 | 4.9 | 2.8 | 1.3 | 95% | Yes | Yes | Yes | NR | PL | ITT | ||
| Bunner et al., 201436 | 4.9 | 2.8 | 1.1 | 95% | Yes | Yes | Yes | NR | CO | ITT | ||
| Lee et al., 201637 | 2.6 | 1.6 | 95% | Yes | Yes | No | PL | PP | ||||
| Lee et al., 201738 | 4.5 | 2.6 | 0.9 | 95% | Yes | Yes | Yes | NR | PL | PP | ||
| Wright et al., 201739 | 5.4 | 3.4 | 1.5 | 95% | Yes | Yes | Yes | NR | PL | ITT | ||
| Kahleova et al., 201840 | 5.4 | 3.2 | 1.2 | 95% | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | PL | ITT | ||
| Shah et al., 201841 | 3.7 | 1.9 | 1.3 | 95% | Yes | Yes | Yes | NR | PL | ITT | ||
| Sofi et al., 201842 | 5.5 | 3.4 | 1.4 | 95% | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | CO | PP | ||
| Djekic et al., 202043 | 3.5 | 1.6 | 1.1 | 65.5 | 95% | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | CO | ITT |
| Kahleova et al., 202044 | 5.1 | 3.0 | 1.3 | 95% | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | PL | PP | ||
| Garousi et al., 202145 | 4.7 | 3.1 | 1.9 | 95% | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | PL | PP | ||
| Barnard et al., 202246 | 5.0 | 2.8 | 1.4 | 95% | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes (7/3) | CO | PP |
Conversion factor from mmol/L to mg/dL is 0.0259 for TC and LDL-C and 0.0113 for TG. Conversion factor for mg/dL to g/L is 0.01 for apoB. Combined mean at baseline was 5.0 mmol/L for TC, 3.1 mmol/L for LDL-C, 1.6 mmol/L for TG, and 82.7 mg/dL for ApoB. ApoB, apolipoprotein B; CI, confidence interval; CO, crossover; E/C, experimental/control group; ITT, intention to treat; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; NR, not reported; PL, parallel; PP, per protocol; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides.