Table 5.
CR and cognitive functionality
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | (9) | (10) | (11) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | WM | STM | Fluency | TMT-A | TMT-B | TMT-BA | Compr | Naming | Construct | Clock | Cancel |
| Base level | 3.860*** | 5.590*** | 33.45*** | 34.38*** | 102.7*** | 69.16*** | 33.91*** | 28.65*** | 14.06*** | 9.488*** | 53.64*** |
| (0.134) | (0.144) | (1.776) | (4.393) | (11.35) | (9.552) | (0.757) | (0.737) | (0.379) | (0.422) | (0.929) | |
| Right hemisphere | 0.489*** | −0.273*** | −4.774*** | −2.181 | −14.59** | −13.77** | |||||
| (0.0913) | (0.0984) | (1.710) | (2.823) | (7.338) | (6.192) | ||||||
| CR | 0.230*** | 0.0872* | 2.584*** | −3.009 | −11.67** | −9.177** | 0.558** | 0.410* | −0.00259 | 0.331** | −0.254 |
| (0.0464) | (0.0507) | (0.587) | (1.855) | (4.802) | (4.051) | (0.233) | (0.226) | (0.129) | (0.139) | (0.306) | |
| Extra effect for RH | −0.146* | 0.0390 | −1.959 | 2.372 | 3.976 | 2.580 | |||||
| (0.0781) | (0.0844) | (1.343) | (2.228) | (5.847) | (4.923) | ||||||
| Volume (in log) | −0.167*** | −0.189*** | −4.122*** | 3.955*** | 12.94*** | 9.479*** | −1.296*** | −1.129*** | −0.197* | −0.311*** | −0.482* |
| (0.0411) | (0.0441) | (0.607) | (1.157) | (3.058) | (2.576) | (0.254) | (0.244) | (0.115) | (0.119) | (0.278) | |
| Volume × CR | −0.0110 | 0.00355 | 0.868* | −1.854* | −0.878 | 1.023 | 0.391* | 0.264 | 0.0577 | 0.236** | 0.0124 |
| (0.0370) | (0.0400) | (0.495) | (1.041) | (2.707) | (2.279) | (0.204) | (0.198) | (0.107) | (0.112) | (0.265) | |
| RCPM score | 0.0415*** | 0.0409*** | 0.252*** | −1.609*** | −3.673*** | −2.460*** | 0.165*** | 0.141*** | 0.0691*** | 0.0580** | 0.0110 |
| (0.00851) | (0.00887) | (0.0934) | (0.250) | (0.666) | (0.561) | (0.0446) | (0.0422) | (0.0198) | (0.0233) | (0.0434) | |
| Observations | 538 | 571 | 459 | 354 | 341 | 340 | 400 | 416 | 250 | 233 | 169 |
| R-Squared | 0.355 | 0.206 | 0.295 | 0.366 | 0.376 | 0.300 | 0.306 | 0.236 | 0.249 | 0.233 | 0.166 |
Standard errors in parentheses. The P-values report the results of the t-test for statistical significance of the difference between the reported coefficient and 0 and are denoted by asterisks: ***P < 0.01, **P < 0.05, and *P < 0.1. The base level (top row) is the predicted value of a right-handed male patient of average age and education, with the average RCPM score, at the first surgery for an average log–volume frontal low-grade glioma tumour in the right hemisphere, who is employed as a skilled manual worker or equivalent occupation and lives in a rural location in the north of Italy. CR is cognitive reserve, RH is right hemisphere, and RCPM is Raven Coloured Progressive Matrices. The table contains only the coefficient of interest; the complete set is available in the online Supplementary tables.