Fig. 2.

Imaging of hypertrophic osteopathy in a free-ranging common dolphin (Delphinus delphis). (A) X-ray imaging of three normal vertebrae. (B) X-ray imaging of three vertebrae with hypertrophic osteopathy. New periosteal bone formation was observed along the spinous apophysis. (C) Computer tomography of the vertebral column. Numerous vertebrae (inside the yellow circle) showed irregular bony periosteal proliferations along the length of the column. (D) Computer tomography of a vertebra with hypertrophic osteopathy, manifesting as florid-like accretions affecting mainly the spinous apophysis. Periosteal proliferation was observed over the intact cortical layer in the transverse apophysis (arrow). Inset, scan of a normal vertebra. (E) Three-dimensional reconstruction of vertebra showing extensive new periosteal bone growth, particularly on the spinous apophysis. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)