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. 2023 Jun 7;9(6):e17044. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17044

Table 2.

Physicochemical properties of three clustered soil groups and their pH buffering capacity before acid or alkali spills.

Properties Group 1 Group 2 Group 3
No. of sample 7 8 5
OM (%) 1.91 ± 0.67 2.68 ± 1.49 6.02 ± 1.87
Clay (%) 4.52 ± 3.32 17.86 ± 4.97 15.30 ± 5.02
CEC (cmol kg−1) 4.49 ± 3.17 16.54 ± 5.78 20.40 ± 3.57
pHBC (mmol kg−1) 14.85 ± 5.30 30.99 ± 7.92 61.49 ± 8.32
Characteristicsa Low OM
Low Clay
Low CEC
Low pHBC
Low OM
High Clay
High CEC
Moderate pHBC
High OM
High Clay
High CEC
High pHBC
a

Group 1 had the lowest organic matter and clay content, CEC, and pH buffering capacity among the three groups, whereas group 3 had the highest organic matter content, CEC, and pH buffering capacity. The organic matter content of group 2 was greater than that of group 1 (without statistical significance) but significantly lower than that of group 3. The clay content of group 2 was significantly higher than that of group 1 and higher than that of group 3 (without statistical significance). The CEC of group 2 was significantly greater than that of group 1 but lower than that of group 3 (without statistical significance). The pH buffering capacity of group 2 was significantly greater than that of group 1 but significantly lower than that of group 3.